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Chapter 22- Seed Plants 1: Seed plants Without Flowers (Gymnosperms)…
Chapter 22- Seed Plants 1: Seed plants Without Flowers (Gymnosperms)
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
Aneurophytales
Shrubs
Talls Trees
Vascular cambium
Secondary Growth
Archaeopteridales
Abundant Wood
Secondary Phloem
Trees 8.4 m tall
Evolution of Seeds
integument
layer of tissue
Micropyle
hole in integument that permitted sperm cells to swim to the egg
pollen chamber
Where microspores settled, or were held.
Division of Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
All extinct
The earliest seed fern appeared in the Upper Devonian Period
Any Woody plant with fern like foliage
Were manoxylic
Division of Coniferophyta: Conifers
ie. Christmas Trees
Diverse
50 Genera and 550 Species
Giant Redwoods of California
Reach 90m in height and 10m in diameter
Always simple needles and scales
Leaves of most conifers are perennial
persisting for many years
Trees are monopodial
one main train bearing many branches
Pines
have two types of shoot
Long Shoots
Tiny Papery Leaves
Short Shoots
long needle leaves
Have pollen cones and seed cones
pollen cones are simple cones with single unbranched axis
Are more complex.
Compound cones consisting of a shoot with axillary buds
Division of Cycadophyta: Cyads
Sometimes confused with palm trees and ferns
Stout Trunks
Pinately Compound Leaves
Leaves do not bear ovules
9-10 Genera and 100 Species
Few can withstand Freezing Temps
Division of Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
All extinct
vegetative features
Cones contained both microsporophylls and megasporophylls
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
Single Living Species
Very unusual
Looks like Dicot Tree
But has wood like conifers
Has both short roots and long roots
cones are not produced..ovules come in pairs
Ancestors are not known
Division Gnetophyta
3 group of enigmatic plants
30 species
Mostly Vines or Small shrubs
Zudzu??? My Fav!
Broad Leaves
Native to Southeast Asia, tropical Africa, and the Amazon Basin
Very common in desert regions
Concepts
Seeds are high in nutrients
Vascular Cryptogams
temporarily dependent on a tiny gametophyte
Lignophytes
Monophyletic group of woody plants
Spermatophytes
Seed Plants
GymnoSperms
"Naked Ovules"
Angiosperms
Flowering Plants with Carpels
Manoxylic Wood
Soft, spongy parenchymatous wood
Pycnoxylic Wood
Hard, Strong wood
