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5.2 PRODUCTION METHODS (Flow/Mass production (Feature; Individual products…
5.2 PRODUCTION METHODS
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Batch Production
Feature of batch production is that every unit in the batch must go through an individual production stages before the batch as whole moves on to the next stage
Example; baker making batches of rolls, breads and pastries
Produce identical products in separate groups and the products in each batch go through the whole production process together in a number of distinct stages
Pros; allow division of labour in production process, enable economies of scale
Cons; high levels of work-in-progress stocks at each stage of production process, work might be boring and demotivating for workers, if batches are small, unit costs are likely to remain high, need to clean and adjust machinery after each batch
Flow/Mass production
Feature; Individual products move from stage to stage of production process as soon as they are ready without having to wait for any other products
For; suit industries where the demand for product is high and consistent, suits production of large numbers of a standardised item that require minimal alterations
Flow production also referred as continuous flow, is when output is produced 24 hours a day continously
Pros; Pros, large quantity in relative short time, small number of workers, economies of scale, low unit costs, process is machinised so little physical handling, quality consistent and high and easy to check
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Cons; expensive to set up flow-line machinery, inflexible (time consuming and difficult to switch from one type to another), capital-intensive, high technology production lines, works may be boring and demotivating
Process production
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Producing standardised goods, typically in bulk quantities, by using a continuous input of materials and other resources
Pros; effective and efficient, output must be continuous over long period of time, process can normally be automated (reduce cost), large quantities
Cons; heavy investment, difficult and disruptive if the production process has to be stopped, little opportunity to make different version of the product
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Mass customisation
This production process combines the latest technology with multi-skilled labour forces to use production lines to make a range of varied products
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The use of flexible CAD and CAM systems to produce items to meet individual customers' requirements at mass production cost levels
Cons; expensive product redesign may be needed to allow key components to be switched to allow variety, expensive flexible capital equipment needed
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