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Modern Revolution (What was the significance of World War I? (How…

- - - - What were the military and Political reasons to develop imperialism?
        Leading European nations also felt that colonies were crucial to military power, national security, and nationalism. Military leaders claimed that a strong navy was necessary in order to become a great power. Thus, naval vessels needed military bases around the world to take on coal and supplies. Islands or harbors were seized to satisfy these needs. Colonies guaranteed the growing European navies safe harbors and coaling stations, which they needed in time of war. National security was an important reason for Great Britain’s decision to occupy Egypt. Protecting the Suez Canal was vital for the British Empire. The Suez Canal, which formally opened in 1869, shortened the sea route from Europe to South Africa and East Asia. To Britain, the canal was a lifeline to India, the jewel of its empire. Many people were also convinced that the possession of colonies was an indication of a nation’s greatness; colonies were status symbols. According to nineteenth-century German historian, Heinrich von Treitschke, all great nations should want to conquer barbarian nations.
      - What were the economic reasons to develop imperialism?
        By 1870, it became necessary for European industrialized nations to expand their markets globally in order to sell products that they could not sell domestically on the continent. Businessmen and bankers had excess capital to invest, and foreign investments offered the incentive of greater profits, despite the risks. The need for cheap labor and a steady supply of raw materials, such as oil, rubber, and manganese for steel, required that the industrial nations maintain firm control over these unexplored areas. Only by directly controlling these regions, which meant setting up colonies under their direct control, could the industrial economy work effectively—or so the imperialists thought. The economic gains of the new imperialism were limited, however, because the new colonies were too poor to spend money on European goods.
  - - - How important was it to the people who lived at that time?
        An important benefit of imperialism is the development of modern technologies, like steam-powered ships to aid in the expansion of European empires. Due to imperialism, exploration was in the minds of people. Their motive was to explore unknown territory in order to conduct scientific experiments and medical searches.
      - How many people were affected by it? To what degree were people’s lives affected by it?
        By 1914, Great Britain controlled the largest number of colonies, and the phrase, “the sun never sets on the British Empire,” described the vastness of its holdings. Imperialism had consequences that affected the colonial nations, Europe, and the world.
      - How widespread and long-lasting are its effects today?
        British desire for natural resources, slave labors and political dominance brought about long-term effects to South Africa, the negative effects include widespread racial discrimination and economic exploitation, but there were few positive effects which were the advances in agriculture, mining industry and education.
  - - - Positive and negative impacts
        
        What were the positive impacts?
        There were many benefits to imperialism. These included economic, political, social, and cultural benefits. Many countries wanted colonies for economic reasons. The colonies often had resources that imperialistic countries needed to make products.
        
        What were the negative impacts?
        There were many negative effects of imperialism in Africa. Below are the some of the major ones: Cruel treatment of natives: The Europeans colonized Africa mainly for their own economic advancement and prestige. So, as in many other colonized places, the natives were treated as inferior.
- - - - Where were the destinations?
        Destinations ranged from North and South America to European colonies in Africa, SouthEast Asia and Australasia. Before the rise of free migration, however, increasingly large numbers of convicts and indentured labourers from Europe and enslaved Africans were shipped to the Americas, starting in the seventeenth century.
        
        What was the slavery like?
        By the late eighteenth century, slavery was a large-scale global system of unfree labour exploitation in the Americas, South Africa, Mauritius and elsewhere.
        
        How long did Britain ship convicts to Australia for?
        Britain shipped convicts to the Australian colonies for 80 years, from the founding of Sydney as a penal colony in 1788 until the end of the convict system in Western Australia in 1868.
- - - - What were the ideas and the technologies that contributed to change from 1750-1918?
        
        Transport
        Transport first began as horse and cart but then finished with aeroplanes flying the skies. Ideas about how to organise the society were also a key part of the period.
        
        Capitalism
        It is economic organisations that relied on private ownership of industries and businesses. It started with the Industrial Revolution.
        
        Imperialism
        It is the control of certain countries over others. It took the form of colonisation especially because of the discovery of the Americas.
        
        Nationalism
        People were becoming seperate nations and not just part of a big empire. It would be a key contributor to the outbreak of World War One.
        
        Socialism
        The government played a crucial role in the allocation of resources and the distibution of wealth. It was used to counter act capitalism because of overproduction and exploitation of workers.
        
        Egalitarianis
        It championed the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity. It stressed that no person was better than another.m
        
        Chartism
        This strategy was to give all men the vote and stop the wealthy political decision making. It showed the potential for the lower classes.
        
        Social Darwinism
        It brought about the theory of evolution. It was named because of Charles Darwin's book called 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection'. This book spoke about some races are better than others for example that the English are better than everyone else.