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Circulatory System (Blood Vessels Structure (Artery: Endothelium and thick…
Circulatory System
Blood Vessels Structure
Artery: Endothelium and thick layer of smooth muscles and thick layer of connective tissue; hormoes and nervous system signals act on arteries to dilate or constrict arteries to control blood flow to different body parts
Arteries stretch from the rise in pressure -- when heart relaxes elastic walls of arteries snap back causing lower blood pressure
Vein: Endothelium and thin layer of smooth muscle and thin layer of connective tissue; Also contains valves to maintain undirectional blood flow even with low blood pressure
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Homeostatic mechanism regulates arterial blood pressure by altering diameter of arteries ( decrease blood: vasoconstriction ; increase blood flow: vasodialation
Circulatory System
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Open Circulatory System
Heart contraction pumps hemolymph through circulatory vessel into sinuses spaces around organs) where nutrients exchange occurs
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Heart contracts, pressure increases, hemolymph forced out of short vessels, nutrient-rich hemolymph washes over cells then the heart relaxes ,pressure drops, hemolymph gets "sucked" back in through ostia and nutrient poor hemolymph returns to the heart
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Route of blood flow: Deoxygenated blood leaves the hear and blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the heart (pulmonary circuit) then oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the body and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart (systemic circuit)
Cardiac Cycle
- Atrial systole and Atrial diastole: a breif period of atrial contractions then forces all blood remaining in atria into ventricles
- Ventricular systole and Atrial diastole: ventricular contraction pumps blood into large arteries through semilunar valves
- Arterial and Ventricle diastole: during relaxation phase, blood returning from large veins flow into atria and then into ventricles through AV valves
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Movement through Blood
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Blood Proteins/ Osmotic Pressure: their presence pulls fluid back into capillaries (fluid moves from tissue to capillaries)
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