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Circulatory system (Cardiovascular syst) (Blood Vessels (Capillaries…
Circulatory system
(Cardiovascular syst)
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
walls made up of endothelium
Endothelium is a a single layer of flattened cells, is partially permeable, enables certain substances to certain substances
Branches repeatedly
Arteries
carries blood away from the heart
Aorta- largest artery
Aorta branches out to form smaller arteries
Arterioles
Arteries then branch to form tiny vessels called arterioles
Divides and ultimately their branches become very tiny blood vessels called capillaries
Venules
Before capillaries leaves an organ or tissue, they unite to form small veins called venules
Veins
venules joins to form bigger veins
carries blood back to heart
Heart
has a conical shape
lies between the lungs and behind chest bones
surrounded by two layers of membranes called pericardium
Right ventricle
Thick muscular walls to move blood into the pulmonary circulation
Left ventricle
Has thicker muscular walls than the right ventricle as it has to pump blood
Atria
Has thin walls to force blood into the ventricles
Blood
Plasma
contains fibrinogen and prothrombin which helps in clotting blood
Antibodies to fight diseases
Has excretory products- urea, uric acid and creatinine
Red blood cell
(Erythrocytes)
contains haemoglobin which enables erythrocytes to transport oxygen to all parts of the body
Biconcave disc to increase surface area to vol. ratio to absorb oxygen faster
White blood cells
has an irregular shape
contains nucleus
no haemoglobin present
has two kinds- lymphocytes and phagocytes
Blood platelets
(thrombocytes)
not true cells
important for blood clotting
Coronary Heart disease(CHD)
Defination
A disease when plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscles
build up of fatty substances on inner surfaces of coronary arteries the condition is called atherosclerosis
Causes
A high fat rich of cholesterol and saturated animal fats
emotional stress
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
Preventing measures
have a balanced diet
stop smoking
keep diabetes under control