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Energy, Environment, and Social Change (Week 2 (Waste water treatment…

- - - - reduction of emissions of CO2
      - reclamation of degraded land
      - reduction of required transmission lines
      - work opportunities
      - acceleration of electrification in developing countries
      - cannot be installed anywhere
      - Land use
      - Visual Impact (aesthetic, some people do not like its visibility)
    - - Nature care
        
        extensive use of green drainage
        
        land productivity
        
        attention to biodiversity
        
        Biological water treatment
      - Green buildings
        
        effective space use
        
        footprint
        
        orientation
        
        ecological landscaping
        
        low energy use
        
        minimal consumption
        
        low water use
        
        natural healthy materials
        
        Lime
        
        clay
        
        sheep wool (insulation)
        
        timber
        
        cellulose fiber (insulation)
        
        Rockwool
        
        waste separation
        
        district heating
        
        grass roofs
        
        passive houses
        
        life cycles
        
        relative humidity percentage (ideally 40 to 60)
        
        comparative analysis of alternative models
        
        natural climitisation
        
        embodied carbon
      - Social quality
        
        good social mix
        
        use of large number of workplaces
      - Key factors in achieving sustainability
        
        Visions and goals: projects that have set themselves the highest goals, appear to have come the furthest.
        
        Economics: Public Ownership, cities to pose requirements and really take the leadership of city development.
        
        Ecology goals: It is important to set a high common requirement for all subprojects
        
        energy policies
    - - active solar technologies
      - passive solar technology
  - - - more workload for women
      - women losing their jobs in rural areas because they're replaced by machines
  - - - lead to mistrusting the electricity company
      - centralized grid
      - decentralized grid
    - - equal numbers of men and women were invited to apply
    - - less intimacy between couples with TV set
      - higher electricity bill
      - customers have incomplete knowledge of how the system of debt works
      - the bills are issued in English
      - Misunderstandings
      - barriers to female control of electronic devices
        
        ownership of appliances is usually for men
        
        risks of using cooking devices
      - men still dominate the usage of electricity
    - - time saving, especially for women (water collection, fuelwood collection)
      - school, healthcare systems
      - reduction in transport costs
      - supports income generation for both genders
      - girls can go to school because they don't need to collect water everyday anymore
  - - - Energy
      - Transports
      - land-use
      - water cycles
      - materials cycles
      - bio-climatic design
      - biodiversity
    - - functionality
      - flexibility
      - services
      - costs
      - activity
      - financial structues
    - - accessibility
      - involvement
      - complexity
      - Sociability
      - Aesthetics
      - Security
      - Identity
      - Health
      - consumption
      - state-citizen relationship
  - - - Variation in solar radiation
      - variations in the earth's orbit
      - volcanic activity
      - shape and location of continents
    - - Albedo
      - ocean changes
      - biosphere changes
      - atmosphere changes
    - - water vapor
      - reductions in snow and ice cover reduces the albedo
      - cloud properties
      - co2 release from oceans, forests, ground
      - methane from thawing permafrost
    - - global mean temperature increased 0.85 degrees
      - the number of cold days and nights decreased, number of warm days and nights increased globally
      - increased frequency in heat waves
      - sea level rise
      - sea ice melting
    - - make it profitable to be green
      - tax or subsidize
      - political feasibility
      - cap and trade
- - - - concrete pollution
      - CCS
      - requires more energy to recycle
    - - toxic heavy metals byproducts
      - CO2 emissions
  - - - Overall settlement/location/form/structure
      - individual building design
      - energy systems efficiency (supply, technology)
      - behavior and management
- - - - Auto-mobility
      - refrigeration and air conditioning
      - industrialized meat production
      - shopping malls and supermarkets
      - Fastfood chains
    - - reducing consumption
      - focus of efficiency
      - ignoring materialism
      - Economic reductionism
      - stop confusing reduction with efficiency
      - collaborative community consumption
        
        sharing, leasing, repairing, reusing
        
        appliances, housing, transport, food
        
        cohousing
  - - - lack of physical access to water
      - the demand surpasses the water available
    - - unequal distribution of resources
      - lack of good governance
      - lack of necessary monetary to extract water
      - political or ethnic conflict
  - - - Agriculture
        
        high concentration of nutrients
        
        may eliminate the need for fertilizers
        
        long-term soil enrichment
        
        decrease demand of water supply
        
        additional treatment in soil
        
        health risk from associated pathogens
        
        health risk from contaminants
        
        decrease in soil quality
        
        infiltration to groundwater
  - - - Manufacture
        
        Use
        
        Disposal/Recycling
    - - Life cycle inventory
        
        Life cycle impact assessment
        
        Interpretation
- - - - pricing instruments
      - regulation and policies
      - financial incentives
    - - most EE negawatts are cheaper than supply costs
      - reduces consumer energy bills
      - eases pressure on national budgets
      - reducing energy demands and peak loads
      - quicker to implement
      - contributes to reduction in GHG
      - cross-sectoral benefits
      - creates jobs
  - - - unclear or undeveloped framework
      - lack of appliance and building EE codes
      - poor enforcement
      - limited and poor data
    - - high costs
      - limited demand
      - limited technical skills
      - limited financing
    - - lack of awareness
      - high upfront costs low EE benefits
      - perceived risks of new technologies
      - EE is virtual to them
      - lack of credible data
    - - high costs
      - other high return, lower risk projects
  - - - government support
      - standard contracts
      - high energy taxes / prices
      - low-interest financing
      - enabling legal framework
    - - low awareness
      - Mistrust
      - small projects size and high costs
      - clients unwilling to sign long-term contracts
- - - - Local production of food, wine, herbs, flowers
      - 6 hours work
      - improving the mind
      - meeting hall in every street
      - always fruit after meat
      - living in accordance with nature
      - several religions in every town
    - - Shallow ecology (ideology)
        
        solutions for particular environmental problems
        
        nature must be preserved
      - deep ecology (utopia)
        
        Eco-centric, all life has inherent and equal value
        
        diversity of life are inherently good
        
        need to change materialistic, economic, technical views
        
        a better life is a life closer to nature and less materialistic
    - - Negative peace
        
        reducing negative symptom like violence, using power and agression
        
        the system that causes war continues
      - Positive peace
        
        harmony, well-being, equity and fairness
        
        system change
        
        more of We-culture and less I-culture
    - - reducing negative symptoms within dominating ideology
      - rescue the existing system by curing negative symptoms of established ideology
      - changes in protective belt without changing the hardcore
      - green growth
      - Eco-management for better reputation
      - circular economy for higher competitiveness
    - - causes behind serious problems (poverty, environment, war,
        terrorism)
      - encourage new utopian ways of thinking about the ecology, economic, social nexus
      - ask critical questions to the hardcore and disturbs the existing system and suggest revisions
    - - nature is superior to economy
      - a healthy economy depends on a harmonious balance between ecosystems, social systems, and economic systems
      - every organism is constituted by interaction and relationships with other organisms
      - organisms as self-regulating systems
      - non-linear and multiple connections
      - flows are important aspects of living systems
      - cognitive interaction involves consciousness and culture
      - equality and mutuality are necessary conditions
    - - Economy (welfare )
      - Nature (Basis of life)
      - Culture (quality of life)
  - - - fission of uranium atoms in a nuclear chain reaction
    - - Transport
      - Storage
      - Reprocessing
      - Geological respiratory
  - - - mining/ extraction
      - refining
      - transport
      - construction
      - in use
      - after use
      - biological and human health effects
        
        tropical timber
        
        rain forest destruction
        
        paints
        
        brain damage to painters
        
        Cement
        
        CO2 emissions
        
        PVC
        
        dioxins
        
        oil and gas
        
        emissions at combustion
  - - - environmental movements resisted