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INTRODUCTION TO GEOTECHNIC (ROCK AND SOIL FORMATION (metamorphic rock…
INTRODUCTION TO GEOTECHNIC
SOIL MECHANICS
Describe behavior of soils
Soil is a natural body consisting of layers and different texture,structure, consistency, color , chemical, biological .
ROCK AND SOIL FORMATION
metamorphic rock
characteristic
bent or curved foliation
react with acid
has fossils
example
marble ( unfoliated )
quartzite ( unfoliated )
gneiss ( foliated )
sedimentary rock
characteristic
has pores between pieces
great color variety
react with acid
example
limestone ( calcite and sometimes fossils )
shale ( compacted mud )
sandstone ( sand grains cemented together )
igneous rock
characteristics
no layering
reacts with acid
contains no fossils
example
obsidian ( extrusive )
rhyolite ( extrusive )
granite ( intrusive )
DISINTEGRATION OF ROCK
chemical decomposition
carbonation
hydrolysis
hydration
leaching
oxidation
biological decomposition
microorganisma
bacteria
mechanical weathering
frost
thermal expansion
plant roots
abrasion
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
residual soils
remain at the place of their formation
upper zone ( high degree of weathering )
intermediate zone ( top part of the zone )
partially weathered zone ( transition of weathered material to the unweathered material )
transported soils
moved to another place by ice , water , wind and agent.
mode of transportation
marine soils
loess
alluvial soils
sand dunes
glacial soils
organic soils
not suitable in supporting foundation
example : peat soil
150 - 300 mm from surface
sample
distributed sample
The sampling distribution of a given population is the distribution of frequencies of a range of different outcomes that could possibly occur for a statistic of a population.
undistributed sample
Undisturbed soil samples retain the structural integrity of the in-situ soil and have a high recovery rate within the sampler
