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Chapter 20- Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts…
Chapter 20- Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Characteristics
Non vascular plants
mosses/liverworts
have leafy stem that look like flowering plants
multicellular sporangia and gametangia
have a life cycle
not composed of filaments like algae/ but rather true parenchyma derived by 3 dimensional growth.
embryophytes that do not have vascular tissue
many have stomata and also cuticle that cover much of their bodies
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
small plants
have alternation of heteromorphic generations
resemble mosses
divided into two groups
leafy liverworts
resemble moss
thallose liverworts
show less resemblance to mosses
do not undergo meiosis, but rather differentiate into elaters
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
ubiquitous
occurring in all parts of the world
perennial
thrive in many places within cities
Morphology
leafy Stems aka gametophores grow closely together
grow from an apical meristem that contains prominent apical cell.
moss stems are always slender
have little tissue differentiation
water transport
hydroids-conduct water
leptoids - resemble sieve cells
rhizoids -trichome like structure- anchor to the stem
development
spore germinates and send s out long chlorophyllous cell
protonema -branched system of similar cells
Reproduction
produces gametangia
oogamous
every species has small biflagellate sperm & large nonmotil egg
sperms are produced in the antheridia
anther-male
arche-female
Concepts
Nonvascular plants
Have neither vascular tissues nor seeds
often called "bryophytes"
Vascular Crytogams
have both vascular tissues and seeds
"spermatophytes"
heterotrophic tissue
charophytes
reen algae that began to adapt to living on land.
Division Anthocerotophyta : Hornworts
small, inconspicuous thalloid plant
grow on moist soil
resemble thalloid liverworts
grow low to the ground
