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Chapter 5 Local Contributory Factors for Periodontal Disease (Dental…
Chapter 5
Local Contributory Factors
for
Periodontal Disease
Dental Calculus
Considered the most important local contributing factor.
Essentially calcified dental plaque
Porous and can provide a reservoir of bacteria and endotoxin.
Removal of calculus promote healing and prevent further loss of attachment
Clinical significance
Mineralization process occurs separately from supragingival and subgingival
Supragingival
calculus are associated most frequently with sites that are adjacent to salivary sources, such as
Parotid gland (maxillary molar areas) or
floor or the mouth (Whartons duct)
Subgingival
calculus is derived from gingival crevicular fluid and any inflammatory exudates
Reflection: The linguals of my mandibular anterior teeth easily forms calculus if I do not floss after every meal and at night before going to bed.
Contributory-
do not themselves initiate gingival inflammation, but foster increased or longstanding plaque accumulation and make plaque removal more difficult
Anatomic Factors
Root Morphology
knowledge, supplemented by radiographs and the patient's dental history, is needed to identify dental anomalies
Anomaly is defined as a deviation from normal tooth development or function
Cervical enamel projection- manifested enamel in the furcation area of the root surface
Palatogingival Grooves- presented on about 5% to 8% of maxillary incisors, tend to accumulate plaque, and can become the focus of a narrow, deep pocket.
Tooth Position
May influence plaque accumulation and access for oral hygiene therapy
Crowding, tilting, rotations. Open contacts allow for food impaction.
Reflection: I have a few open contacts where food is easily impacted. I need to floss a lot to remove the food that is caught.
Iatrogenic Factors
Restorative Dentistry
Rough surfaces and over-contoured amalgrams, composites, crowns, bridges have been associated with increased gingival inflammation and periodontal disease
Reflection: I have overhangs of composites that was previously done and it's easy for plaque to build up.
Traumatic Factors
Toothbrush trama
can completely destory a narrow band of attached gingiva and result in extensive recession.
Factitious Disease
- patients may persistently gouge or scratch their gingiva with their fingernails or other devices, resulting in exposure of root surface
Food impaction
is one of the more common local factors that many contribute to initiation and progression of inflammatory periodontal disease
Oral piercings
- Lip piercing may cause dental/periodontal injury on the facial aspect of the mandibular incisors. Tongue piercing affects the lingual aspect of mandibular incisors
Reflection: Before knowing the proper way of brushing my teeth, I was definitely doing a lot of damage to my gingiva with the scrubbing brushing technique.