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Plant Structure, Growth and Angiosperm Reproduction (Identify the 3 plant…
Plant Structure, Growth and Angiosperm Reproduction
Identify the 3 plant organs
Roots: Keeps the vascular plants stable located in the soil, absorbs minerals and water and keep carbohydrates stored
Taproot system:
- allows plant to grow tall
- helps prevent plant from toppling over
Fibrous root system:
- Many small roots spread out from the stem
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Stems: elongate the shoot so that leaves can get the max level of sunlight to perform photosynthesis
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Apical bud: Makes the plant grow up! (or down, if on root)
Leaves: is where gas exchange occurs, and has defense against pathogens and herbivores
Stomata: allows the exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environments air and photosynthetic cells in leaf
Guard cells: regulate opening and closing of stomata , which could lead to water loss
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3 Tissue systems in plants -
- Dermal tissue system
- Vascular tissue system
- Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system: Transport of materials
- Xylem moves water and minerals up from roots
- Phloem transports sugar
Ground tissue system - the center where not dermal not vascular
- Pith is ground tissue that is the most internal layer to vascular tissue
- Cortex is ground tissue that is external to the vascular tissue
It contains cells that function in photosynthesis, short distance transport, storage, or support!!
Dermal tissue system
- Outer protection cover
- Defense against pathogens and protection from physical damage to layers
- Has periderm instead of epidermis ,It offers more protection.
2 Types of growth
- Primary growth
- Secondary growth
Primary growth
- Occurs at apical meristems
- Grow in length,so the plant gets more sun
- Happens in all plants(nonwoody and woody)
Secondary growth
- Occurs at lateral meristems (tvascular cambium, cork cambium)
- Grow in thickness
- Only woody plants
Apical Dominance: An active apical bud inhibits growth from nearby axillary buds
EX:Pruning trees makes plants grow more laterally not vertically
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Pollination: is when a piece of pollen (containing male gametophyte) lands on the stigma of a carpel
- Pollen grain is transported from parent plant by wind or animal to part of plant that contains ovule
Types of pollination:
- Self-fertilizing – see in some crop plants , makes sure every ovule will develop into a seed
- Abiotic pollination – wind
- Biotic pollination – insects (bees, moths/butterflies, flies)
Self-fertilization:the fertilization by their own pollen or sperm rather than that of another individual.
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Summarize the events of angiosperm reproduction .
2n sporophyte -> n spores -> n gametophyte -> n gamete--> fertilization 2n zygote
1. A female gametophyte (embryo sac) develops inside each ovule
2.Microspore undergoes mitosis produces male gametophyte
3.Pollen grain is transferred to stigma surface (pollination)
4.Tube cell produces pollen tube to deliver sperm to female gametophyte (embryo sac)
5.Zygote is formed