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MUHAMMAD ABDUH (EDUCATIONAL REFORMS (2. REFORMATION (Reform on Islamic…
MUHAMMAD ABDUH
EDUCATIONAL REFORMS
1. PURIFICATION
The emergence of bid`ah and khurafat among muslims. Muhmmad Abduh tried to enforce the muslims to avoid practices that could fall under Syirik
2. REFORMATION
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Learning on modern sciences, history and European development is made compulsory
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3. JUSTICE FOR ISLAM
He tried to clear up foreign elements and focused on the influence foreign elements from the aspects of knowledge
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EDUCATION
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- to educate the mind and soul
- submit it to the limits of
possibilities one can achieve
- happiness in the world and akhirat
- Aspects of cognitive (mind) and affective aspects (spiritual).
-A balance between reason and the spiritual.
-Sense intended as an educational tool to inculcate
the habit of thinking.
-Distinguish between good and bad, between bringing benefit and harm
LEVELS OF INSTITUTION
1. Elementary School
- Religious subjects serve as the core of all subjects.
- Islamic teachings are the establishment of private Muslim soul.
- The spirit of togetherness and nationalism in order to generate a better attitude to life, while also being able to progress
2. Top Level
- Government secondary schools to produce experts in various fields, such as administration, military, health, industry, etc.
- Lessons include logic, philosophy, and monotheism to incorporate the subject matter of religion, Islamic history and Islamic culture
3. Al-Azhar University
- Science subjects include philosophy, logic, and modern science so that the output of Al-Azhar scholars is modern, tailoring the needs of society .
- Teaching methods are discussion and understanding. Memorization was heavily criticized.
- Women have equal rights with men in receiving education services. There are several things that must be fought for: learning for women; narrow the divorce, and the prohibition of polygamy.