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Wilkins_ch28map (Secondary growth (lateral meristem: enables growth in…
Wilkins_ch28map
Secondary growth
lateral meristem: enables growth in thickness, vascular cambium adds layers of vascular tissue (aka secondary xylem and phloem) and cork cambium replaces epidermis with a thicker and tougher periderm
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periderm: unique to woody plants, offers protection from pathogens and physical harm
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Primary growth
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axillary bud/meristem: an embryonic shoot in the axil of a leaf that has the potential to form vegetative or reproductive shoots
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apical dominance is when an apical bud inhibits the growth of nearby axillary buds through hormone interactions, causes the growth of a lateral shoot where the axillary bud would have been
Plant organs
STEMS= organs that attach leaves to plant, main function is to increase rate of photosynthesis and allows for greater dispersal of gametes--> nodes are the points at which leaves are attached internodes are the stem segments between nodes (apical and axillary buds)
LEAVES= the organism's main spot for doing photosynthesis, also used for gas exchange and heat dissipation... has veins
ROOTS= the organ structure that holds a plant down in the soil, and absorbs minerals/ stores carbohydrates--> taproot system has one main vertical root that grows deeply in soil to prevent plant from falling over (ex; sunflower) fibrous root system many thin roots spreading out in soil
Major tissues in plants
vascular tissue system= helps move materials through plant; XYLEM moves water and dissolved minerals up from roots, PHLOEM moves sugars produced in photosynthesis to roots
ground tissue system- contain cells that function in photosynthesis, transport for short distances, storage, and support PITH is the ground tissue inside vascular tissue & CORTEX is the ground tissue external to vascular tissue
dermal tissue system= the plants' outer covering for protection (acts like skin)… protects against damage such as pathogens and other physical disturbances, non-woody plants have epidermis and cuticle, woody plants have periderm
angiosperm reproduction uses alternation of generations; 2n sporophyte-> n spores-> n gametophyte-> n gametes-> fertilization-> 2n zygote
angiosperms use flowers and fruit in sexual reproduction; reproductive organs include sepals to protect floral buds, petals to attract pollinators, stamens where haploid microspores develop into pollen grains w the male gametophyte, and carpels which act as the plants ovaries
complete flowers have all of these organs, but incomplete flowers lack at least 1 of the basic organs and may be sterile
asexual reproduction=a generation of offspring from a single parent that are produces without gametic fusion (can be by division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts) AKA VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION... pros-> don't need a pollinator, less costly for parent's resources, cons-> identical genome to parent, offspring not dispersed far away
Pollination can occur by means of the wind, insects, or by self-fertilization (very rare)-> seeds are the result of double fertilization!