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Different types of tissue flaps (Classified on: (Location (Local flap…
Different types of tissue flaps
Definition
Flap = unit of tissue that is transferred from one site (donor site) to another (recipient site) while maintaining its own blood supply
Graft differs as it is a transfer of tissue without its own blood supply. Survival of a graft depends entirely on the blood supply from the recipient site
Classified on:
Blood supply
Axial flap - dependent on locating blood vessels (blood supply from recognised artery, e.g. muscle flaps)
Random flaps - less reliable blood supply but easier to create (blood not from named artery, but comes from many little unnamed vessels e.g. local cutaneous flaps)
Tissue to be transferred
Single component e.g. skin, muscle, bone, fascia
Multiple component e.g. faciocutaneous, mucocutaneous, osseoseptocutaneous
Location
Local flap
Transferred from an adjacent area to the defect
Based on geometric design (V-Y rhomboid)
Used for exposed bone, tendon, other vital structure
Used for large wounds over flexion crease where split skin graft causes tight scarring
Regional / pivotal flap - rotation, transposition, interpolation
Distant flap
Pedicled
Attached to its original supply
Survival depends on stretch / kinking of blood supply
Free
Physically detached then reattached to blood supply with surgical microanastamosis
Blood supply and flap survival depends on ability to reconstruct
Highest risk of flap failure