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Urogenital (Signs and Symptoms (Renal Impairment (UTI) (fever/chills, skin…
Urogenital
Signs and Symptoms
Pain Patterns
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder/Urethra
Prostate
Pain can be felt on T10-L1 dermatomes due to stimulation of cutaneous nerve fibers
Infection of the Lower Urinary Tract (Cystitis or Urethritis)
urinary urgenct
LBP
urinary frequency
pelvic/lower abdominal pain
dysuria, hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria
dyspareunia
Infection of the Upper Urinary Tract (Kidney or Ureteral Infeciton)
fever/chills
skin hypersensitivity
ipsilat shoulder pain
hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, nocturia
flank pain
Unilat constovertebral tenderness
Obstruction of the Lower Urinary Tract (Prostate Cancer/Enlargement)
lower abdominal discomfort
low back and/or hip, upper thigh pain or stiffness
urinary problems
suprapubic or pelvic pain
bladder palpable above the symphysis pubis
difficulty having an erection
blood in urine or semen
Prostatitis
sexual dysfunction
general malaise
weak o interrupted urine system
arthralgia, myalgia
nocturia, dysuria
urinary frequency and urgency
low back, inner thigh, perineal, testicualr, or penis pain
sudden fever/chills
Obstruction of the Upper Urinary Tract
hyperesthesia of dermatomes (T10-L1)
nausea and vommiting
pain
mild and dull flank pain
lumbar discomfort or renal back pain
acute, spasmodic
palpable flank mass
hematuria
fever and chills
urge to urinate frequently
abdominal muscle spasms
Renal Impairment (UTI)
fever/chills
skin hypersensitivity
flank pain, ipsilat shoulder pain
hematuria, pyuria, backteriuria, proteinuria
Unilat costovertebral tenderness
HTN
dec urinary output
dependent edema
weakness
anorexia
anemia
elevated BUN and Cr
Bladder Cancer
pain during urination
urinary urgency
blood in the urine
Renal Cancer
urinary urgency
flank or side pain
pain during urination
lump or mass in the side or abdomen
blood in the urine
weight loss
fever
fatigue
Testicular Cancer
pain/discomfort of testicle
unexplained fever
sudden collection of fluid in scrotum
infertility
feeling of heaviness in scrotum or lower abdomen
LBP
loss of size in one testicle
enlargement, swelling, or hardness of a testicle
lump in testicle
Ovarian Cycts
pelvic pain
fullness or heaviness in abdomen
bloating
pain with intercourse
pain in low back or thighs
Endometriosis
pain with intercourse
pain with bowel movements
painful menstrual cycle
infertility
excessive bleeding during menstrual cycle
Pathology
Renal and Urinary Tract Problems
Risk Factors
60+ y.o
hx of DM, HTN, kidney disease, MI, CVA, kidney stones, UTI, lower UTO, autoimmune disease
African, Hispanic, Pacific Island, or Native American decent
Exposure to chemicals
Infections of Upper Urinary Tract
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Infections of Lower Urinary Tract
bacteria enters urinary tract up into urethra, into the bladder, and then into the ureters and kidney; bloodborne; or lymphatic
More common in women
rate of occurrence increased with age and sexual activity
Obstructive Disorders
Primary
Pressure from inside urinary tract
stones, neoplasms, congenital malformations, polycystic kidney disease
Results in a backup or collection of urine. Pressure accumulates above obstruction. Results in severe dilation and eventually renal failure.
Because there is no flow it can cause a renal infection
Secondary
Pressure on urinary tract from outside
abdominal aortic aneurysm, pregnancy, PID, prostate enlargement
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Incontinence
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condition of another underlying health condition
trauma, DM, MS, PD, SCI, spina bifida, meds, UTIs, CVA, dietary issues
affects millions of people
4 types
functional incontinence
overflow incontinence
urge incontinence
stress incontinence
cause can be neurological, psychological, pharmaceutical, or environmental
Chronic Kidney Disease/Failure
Acute Kidney Failure
Abrupt cessation of kidney activity (few hours-days)
usually reversible
Kidneys can no longer maintain homeostasis balances in the body.
Chronic Kidney Failure
Diabetic neuropathy is the primary cause (40%)
progressive decrease of the ability of the kidney to function and eventually permanent loss of kidney function
Risk Factors
Inc age, HTN, DM, Chronic UTI, Kidney transplant
Cancer of Urinary Tract
Bladder Cancer
cause unknown
Risk Factors
Smoking! (major risk factor), 40+ y.o, exposure to chemicals at work, infections, treatment with arsenic, Caucasian, family history, Men > women,
4th most common cancer in men
Renal Cancer
cancer of the kidney
Risk Factors
smoking, obesity, HTN, dialysis, men > women
Testicular Cancer
rare but occurs mostly in 15-35 y.o.
cause unknown
risk factors remain unknown
Ovarian Cysts
collection of fluid within an ovary
occurs in nearly all premenopausal women
most don't cause symptoms unless they are very large or burst
develop as a result of the menstrual cycle
risk factors
pregnancy, hormone problems, endometriosis, previous history of ovarian cysts
Female Genital Cancers
Ovarian Cancer
peak age 40-70 y.o, <2 births, family hx of breast, ovarian, endometrial or colorectal cancers, late menopause, obesity, hormone therapy
Cervical cancer
pap smear helps dx it
hx of STD especially HPV and HIV, multiple sex partners, childhood sexual abuse, mothers used drugs during pregnancy
Endometrial (uterine) cacer
50-70 y.o, associated with obesity and prolonged estrogen therapy
Endometriosis
tissue that normally grows inside the uterus, grows outside the uterus
dif dx to include: PID, ovarian cysts, IBS
Anatomy
Urinary Tract
Ureters
Bladder
Kidneys
Nephron
Urethra
Function: "dispose of the body's toxic waste products and unnecessary fluid and expertly regulates extremely complicated metabolic processes."
Male Reproductive System
Vas Defrens
Seminal Vesicles
Epididymis
Prostate Galnd
Testes
Penis
Female Reproductive System
Uterus
Cervix
Fallopian Tubes
Vagina
Ovaries
Immediate Medical Attention
Blood in the urine
Presence of cervical spine pain at the same time that urinary incontinence develops
B+B incontinence and/or saddle anesthesia secondary to cauda equina lesion
Physcian Referral
Back or shoulder pain accompanied by abnormal urinary constituents (change in color, odor, etc.)
Positive Murphy's percussion test, especialyl with a recent history of renal or urologic infection
Systemic signs and symptoms
:warning:
:red_flag:
:!!:
:tada:
