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Chapter 3 (Processes of Life (Reproduction: increase in number,…

- - - - not as organized as prokaryotic capsules
      - help anchor animal cells to each other
      - strengthen cell surface
      - provide protection against dehydration
      - Function in cell-to cell recognition and communication
- - - - Longer than fimbriae but shorter than flagella
      - Bacteria typically only have one or two per cell
      - Transfer DNA from one cell to another
  - - - Have only a thin layer of peptidoglycan
      - Bilayer membrane outside contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharide
      - Appear pink following Gram straining procedure
    - - Only a few lack cell walls
      - Often mistaken for viruses because of size and this lack of cell wall
      - Have other features of prokaryotic cells such as ribosomes
- - - - Capsule
      - SlimeLayer
    - - Function: their rotation propels bacteria clockwise or counter clockwise through environment, the bacteria moves in response to stimuli
      - Structure: composed of filament, hook, and basal body. Basal body anchors the filament and hook to the cell wall. (15)
    - - Sticky bristle like projections
      - Used by bacteria to adhere to one another and to substances in environment
      - Shorter than flagella
      - Serve an important function in biofilms