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Acute Asthma Excarebation (Clinical Manifestations (hypercapnia…
Acute Asthma Excarebation
Epidemiology
In the US, approximately 15 million outpatient visits, 2 million ER visits, 500,000 hospitalization each year
300 million people are affected worldwide
Risk Factors
cigarette smoking
non-compliance with medicines
psychosocial factor
co-morbidities
GERD
rhinosinusitis
obesity
intolerance to non-steroidal inflammatory medicines
intrinsic factor
deficient production of anti-viral type I interferon
Pathophysiology
exposure to common viruses such as rhinovirus
infection of epethelial cells
release of cytokines, chenokines, inflammatory cells
neutrophils
lymphocytes
eosinophils
host response to viral infection increases the susceptibility to asthma exacerbation
Diagnosis
Peak Flow measurement
ABG
Incentive Spirometer
Chest x-ray
Treatments
oxygen
inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators
oral corticosteroids
antibiotics (bacterial infection)
intubation for severe cases
Clinical Manifestations
hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis
hypercapnia
respiratory acidosis
bronchospasm
mucus secretion
difficulty breathing