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Topic 1 (UNITS (1cm= 10 mm, 1km= 1000m, 1m= 100cm, 1mm= 1000um, 1um=…
Topic 1
UNITS
1cm= 10 mm
1km= 1000m
1m= 100cm
1mm= 1000um
1um= 1000nm
DIFFUSION
Passive
High to low concentration
Random movement of particles
Both liquids and gases
EXCHANGING MATERIALS
Small intestine
Stomata
Alveoli
Moist
Thin
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide surrounded
Large surface area: volume ratio
STEM CELLS
Ethics
Religious beliefs
Interference with reproduction
Cancer
Embryonic cells divide and grow rapidly
Plants
Extintion
Large save cost
Uses
Future inferitility
Grow new organs
Help blind people
Paralysis
Diabetes (insulin)
Adult stem cells replace faulty blood cells
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Up the concentration gradient
Requires energy
Cells have lots of mitochondria
Mineral absorbtion
Gut absorbtion of sugars
MICROSCOPE
Magnification
Image size/Actual size
Lens
Eye Piece Lens
Objective Lens
Electron
Expensive
3D images
Large magnification
Black and White images
Kills living organisms (only dead)
Light
Cheaper than Electron
Living organisms
2D images
Small magnification
Colour images
OSMOSIS
Water molecules across a partially permeable membrane
A mebrane with tiny holes
From high to low concentration
Molecules move both ways in random movement
Cells
Eukaryotic (Nucleus)
Animal Cells
Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
Plant cells
CELL DIVISION
Mitosis
Growth and repair
Cell cycle
Interphase- Cell multiplies (46 chromosomes)
Prophase- Nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear
Metaphase- Chromosomes lined up on spindle fibres across middle of the cell
Anaphase- Chromosome copies separated and move to either side of cell
Telophase- Membrane forms around set of chromosomes to form nuclei
Cytokinesis- Cell surface membrane forms to separate 2 cells in plants it is a cell wall form.
DIFFERENTIATION
Cell that is specialised for its function
Plants
Undifferentiated cells formed at active regions of stem and root
Meristems
Elongation
Mitosis
Cells differentiate throughout life
Animals
Embryo