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Shock (Signs & symptoms (Cool, clammy skin, Pale skin, Rapid pulse,…

- - - - Systolic dysfunction
        
        Inability of the heart to pump blood forwards
        
        Myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, metabolic problems
      - Diastolic dysfunction
        
        Inability of the heart to fill
        
        Cardiac tamponade, ventricular hypertrophy
      - Arrhythmias
        
        Bradyarrhythmias & tachyarrhythmias
      - Structural factors
        
        Ventricular septal rupture, tension pneumothorax
  - - - External loss of whole blood
        
        Haemorrhage from trauma, surgery, GI bleeding
      - Loss of other body fluids
        
        Vomiting, diarrhoea, diabetes
    - - Pooling of blood or fluids
        
        Bowel obstruction
      - Fluid shifts
        
        Burn injuries
      - Internal bleeding
        
        Fracture of long bones, ruptured spleen
  - - - Vasomotor centre depression, haemodynamic consequences
        
        Severe pains, drugs, injury
    - - Hypersenstivity reaction to a sensitising substance
        
        Contrast media, blood or blood products, insect bites, latex
    - - Infection
        
        Pneumonia, UTI, indwelling lines
  - - - Tension pneumothorax, abdominal compartment syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome