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Version 2 Geography Unit 2A (Liverpool - change in UK cities (case study),…
Version 2 Geography Unit 2A
Rural-urban migration
Push
Natural disasters
Mechanisation
Pull
Better services
Better jobs
Urban growth
Opportunities
Better services
economic development
Challenges
Unemployment + crime
No education - poor jobs
Favela-Bairro project
Background
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
600 favelas - 1/5 population
Improvements
Social
Day care
Adult education
Economic
Better jobs
Legal ownership of property
Environmental
Rubbish collection
Wooden buildings replaced with brick
Lagos (case study)
Background
Financial center for west Africa
+275,000 migrants per year
Opportunities
healthcare, medicine
Electricity - business
Better jobs - construction
Challenges
60% in slums - Makoko
Flimsy houses
High crime - self policed - "Area Boys"
Emissions not controlled - pollution
Urban change in UK
Opportunities
Redevelopment - investment
CBDs redeveloped - employment
Challenges
Industrial decline - less wealth
Rural-urban fringe threatened
New Islington (example)
Background
Cardroom estate built in 1960s
1990s
50% houses empty/squats
Unemployment
Burglary
Action
1700 homes
Tram, hall, restaurants, football
Liverpool - change in UK cities (case study)
Background
Factories - manufactoring
Decline docks 1960 - 350 factories closed
Opportunities
Social
Cultural mix - tourism
Economic
Liverpool ONE
'Baltic Triangle' - employement
Environmental
Mersey travel
Green space
Pedestrian routes
Challenges
Social
Deprivation - inequality
Unhealthy life styles
Economic
New housing - £ increases
Environmental
Pressure on greenfield - habitats
Derelict buildings
Urban sprawl
Open spaces, ecosystems lost
Traffic - pollution
Commuter settlements - house £ increase
Sustainable urban living
Water
Rain
Appliances use less water
Energy
Renewable
Appliances more efficient
Green space
Exercise
Less flooding and pollution
Waste recycling
Collection of waste
Facilities for larger items
Traffic
Effects
Pollution
Accidents and health
Public transport
London underground - 3 mil per day
Oyster cards
Traffic flow
Ring roads
Congestion charging