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Small Vessel Disease (Diagnosis (Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) <0.9 -…

- - - - < 3 seconds
      - Buerger's test:
        10 seconds capillary refill after leg raised to 45 degrees for 60 seconds
  - - - known "cutoff" for histological diagnosis?
        
        established variables in cerebral and cardiac?
- - - - thromboangitis
      - vasculitis
      - pyoderma gangrenosum
      - thalassaemia
      - sickle cell disease
    - - smoking
      - males > 45 years old
      - females > 55 years old
      - hypertension
      - diabetes mellitus
      - obesity
      - decreased physical activity
  - - - varicose veins
        
        family history of varicose veins
      - deep vein thrombosis
        
        hypercoagulable state / disorder
      - chronic venous insufficiency
      - poor calf muscle function
      - Arterio-venous fistula (of leg)
      - obesity
      - history of leg osseous fracture
- - - - direct endothelial damage
      - increased production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs)
- - - - Fluorescence
        
        Targeting specific fluorophore.
        
        endogenous
        "autofluorescent cellular components"
        
        associated with disease of interest
        
        sufficiently abundant for wide field imaging
        
        excitable by non-UV wavelengths
        
        4 more items...
        
        injectable (no)
      - Diffuse Reflectance
        
        Targeting specific bulk scatters
        
        endogenous
        
        $0. Table 1 Refractive Indices of Tissues$
        
        Molecular Weight correlates to Light Scattering
        
        Glycosylation increases Molecular Weight
        
        Could distinguish glycosylation quantitatively or qualitatively based on Light Scattering
        
        Would require initial experimentation.
- - - - capillaries/arterioles
        
        density
        
        thickness
        
        wall composition
        3a. fibrosis
        3b. lipid deposits
        3c. muscular tissue
        
        depth
        
        glycosylation
      - ECM
        
        fibrosis
        
        inflammation
        
        lipid content
        
        necrosis
        
        glycosylation
      - adnexal structures
        
        density
        
        vitality
        
        necrosis/damaged
        
        depth
      - Small Vessel Disease Ranking Score
        
        numerical?
        
        categorical?
        
        clinically relevant