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Anti-nutritional factors in feedstuff :recycle: (:star:Example of Anti…
Anti-nutritional factors in feedstuff
:recycle:
:star:
Definition:
Substance which under practical circumstances can impair some aspect of animal metabolism and produce adverse biological/ economic effects in animal production
:star:Classcification
:check:Chemical structure
:<3:Alkaloid
Contain nitrogen
Bitter and more toxic
nitrogen cintaining heterocyclic ring
:<3:Glycosides
:check:Ethers containing carbohydrates and a non-carbohydrate moiety ( aglycone) joined with an ether bond.
:check:bitter substances
Ex: cyanogenic, coumarin, goiterogenic
:<3:Proteins
:fire:Important inhibitors in plant are proteins
:fire:Protease is any enzyme that conduct proteolysis, that is begin protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bond that lnk amino acid together in polypeptides chain
:fire:The function of peptidases is inhibited by protease inhibitor enzymes
Ex: Protease and amylase inhibitors, lectins
:<3:
Carbohydrtes
:warning:Toxicity problems
:warning:xylose causes reduced growth and eye cataract in pigs and poultry
:warning: Certain oligossaccharides are not digested in monogastric animals and so promote bacterial growth in the hind gut
:warning: NSP non digested and harmful
:<3:
Lipids
:warning:Some of fatty acids are toxic to the animals
:warning:Cyclopropenoid fatty acid and malvic acid in cotton seed posses toxic properties and cause pink colouration in stored eggs
:warning:cocarinogens in increasing the carcinogeniticity of aflatoxins
:check:Occurrence in feed
:check:Site of action/ metabolic effect
:check:Affect by one or more inhibitors present in plants
:check:For every organ, endocrine gland in animals there is corresponding inhibitors in plants
:star:Example of Anti Nutritional Factors
Tannis
Gossypol
Mimosine
Anti Vitamin-A factors
Phenolic compound
:check:Contain an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups
:explode:Hypericin
:star:
phenolic compound in Hypericum perforatum
:star: Primary phoytosensitizing agent
:explode: Gossypol
:star:poly Phenolic compound present in cottonseed meal
:star:reduce growth rate
:star:Reduce food intake
:star: produce cardiac lesions and induce mail infertility
:explode:Tannin
:!:polyphenolic compounds that react with protein
:!: Astringent and adversely affect food intake
:!: Important in oak poisining and in nutritional problems associated with sorghum grains
:!: Mycotoxins
Metabolites of fungi that toxic to animals
Analysis of anti-nutritional factors in feedstuff
Extract of sample
:red_flag:samples was added the aqueous ethanol
:red_flag: solution was filtered using filter paper and the residue re-extracted with ethanol
:red_flag:extract were added dietyl ether and pH 4.5 by adding NaOH
Sample in spectrophotometer
:recycle:The absorbance of the reaction mixture of each sample was measured at 760nm spectrophotometrically