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Parasitic Disease of CNS Micro Exam 5 Infective Stage (Flagellatedā¦
Parasitic Disease of CNS Micro Exam 5 Infective Stage
Flagellated trophozoites (2 flagella)
:nose::skin-tone-4:Nasal passages
Amoeboid Form
Migrates along Olfactory N. to Brainš§
Uninucleate cyst
Destroys brain parenchyma
NAEGLERIA FOWLER
(brain eating amoeba)
Acute meningoencephalitis
āacute fulminating diseaseāw/in
5 days
of exposure
Indistinguishable
from fulminant
bacterial meningitis
S&S:
fever, headache, anorexia, vomiting,
anisocoria
(pupils unequal), CNS inflammation, altered mental status, & coma
Pt
dies before a diagnosis
can be made
NAEGLERIA FOWLER
(brain eating amoeba)
Diagnostic:
CSF
findings similar to bacterial meningitis (PMN leukocytosis, increase protein, decrease glucose, poss. bloody)
Microscopic
ID amoeba
Trophs in
tissue
section
Amphotericin B, Miconazole, & Rifampin
ANIMALS & HUMANS:
:pill:
Miltefosine
:explode: & Amphotericin B / Fluconazole
Most do NOT recover
Trophozoite
Facultative parasite
(Resistant stage = cystic)
Hematogenous route
Brain š§
Acanthamoeba castellanii or culbertsoni
Pentamidine, ketoconazole, or flucytosine
Keratitis treatment consists of oral
itraconazole
+ topical
miconazole
Meningioencephaliatis
(Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis)
S&S:
Edema in brain parenchyma
(via eye - causes
keratitis
& uveitis)
Death w/in days
Acanthamoeba castellanii or culbertsoni
No Flagellate Form
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
BALAMUTHIA MANDRILLARIS
(Opportunistic, soil organism preys on other amoebae)
flucytosine, pentamidine, fluconazole, sulfadiazine
:heavy_plus_sign:
either
clarithromycin
or
azithromycin
Zoitocyst ( š„©š) OR
Oocyst (:cat: 3 wks only)
Transplacental spread
TOXOPLASMA GONDII
:pill:DOC:
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
(no treatment for cats)
Prevent by:
Cooking meat thoroughly
Pregnant women - do not clean litter box
Diagnostic:
STAGE:
tachyzoite & bradyzoite
ELISA
- serology
Clinical S&S & Pathogenesis on separate map
Egg
Neurocysticercosis
Seizure, epilepsy, hemiparesis
Strong immune response in brain
Headache
TAENIA SOLIUM