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Micro Exam 5, Lecture 63
Leprosy, Tetanus, Botulism (Mycobacterium lepraeā¦
Micro Exam 5, Lecture 63
Leprosy, Tetanus, Botulism
Mycobacterium leprae +
Lepromatosis = LEPROSY
- Acid fast bacilli š
- Non-motile
- NO SPORES
- Mycolic acid in cell wall =
stain red (carbol fuchsin)
- Slow growth rate
Transmitted via respiratory droplets or wound /
contact with infected armadillos -->
infect MACROPHAGES + SCHWANN CELLS
Tuberculoid type:
- BENIGN, sudden onset
- MACULAR skin lesions
- ASYMMETRIC nerve involvement
- Few bacilli in lesions
Lepromatous type:
- MALIGNANT
- NODULAR skin lesions
- SYMMETRIC nerve involvement
- Abundant bacilli in lesions
Symptoms:
- Numbness on skin --> increase risk of injuries
to the infected areas
- Muscle weakness
- Enlarged nerves
- Eye problems
- Nasal congestion
Diagnosis:
- Clinical presentation =
hypopigmented skin patches, loss of sensation, thickened peripheral nerves
- Acid fast bacilli in biopsy
Treatment:
- Dapsone!!!
- Rifampin
- If lepromatous: clofazimine
Prevention:
- Annual eval
- Vaccination with BCG = partially effective
Obligate anaerobes, spore-forming
Clostridium tetani =
TETANUS
-
-
Treatment:
- Human tetanus IG or equine antitoxin
- Tetanus vaccine
- Control muscle spasm
- Antibiotics/care for WOUND
- Mechanical ventilation
Prevention:
- Toxoid vaccine (DTaP - children <7, Tdap - older)
-
Clostridium botulinum =
BOTULISM
- Highly heat resistant spores
in soil
Transmitted via:
- FOODBORNE - ingestion of PREFORMED TOXIN in canned food
- WOUND - spored enter + germinate in wound, vegetative cells --> toxin
- INFANT - ingested SPORES --> bacteria produce toxin
-
Diagnosis:
- Presumptive
- Toxin in blood, fluids, stool
- Isolate bacterium in food, wound
Treatment:
- Botulism antitoxin=
Equine heptavalent - children >1, adults
Human botulism IG - children <1
- Antibiotics/care for wound
- Mechanical ventilation