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Muscular System Abril Perez Period 1 (Disorders Associated with the …
Muscular System Abril Perez
Period 1
Function
Movement
Stabilize joints
Posture
Generate heat
Name of Muscles
Cranial
Temporalis
Frontalis
orbicularis oculi
zygomatic
masseter
orbicularis oris
sternocleidomastoid (P)
Neck
sternocleidomastoid
Epicranius(P)
Trapezius(P)
Shoulder
Trapezius
Deltoid (A &P)
Arm
Biceps Brachii
Brachioradialis
Palmaris Longus
Triceps Brachii (P)
Abdominal
Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Latissimus dorsi (P)
Hip
Gluteus medius (P)
Gluteus maximus(P)
lliopsas
Leg
Tibialis Anterior
Fibularis Longus (A&P)
Gastrocnemius (P)
Thigh
Gracialis
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis & Medialis
Adductor Magnus(P)
Bicep Femoris (P)
Semitendinosus(P)
Types of Muscle Tissues
Skeletal: striated, attached to skeleton by tendons,voluntary control,allows movement
Cardiac: pump blood throughout the body
Smooth: forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and hollow internal organs(stomach, intestine, and bladder)
Body Movement
Prime Mover: producing specific movement
Antagonist: movement that opposes or reverses
Synergist: help prime movers by adding or reducing force and or unnecessary movement
Structure & Organizational Levels of Skeletal Muscle
Muscle:many muscle cells, connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers (covered by epimysium)
Fascicle: bundle of muscle cells, separated from the rest of the muscle by connective tissue sheath (surrounded by perimysium)
Muscle Fiber: long multinucleate cell, striated (surrounded by epimysium)
Myofibril:contractile element, occupy most volume, contains sarcomeres, appear banded from end to end
Myfoliament: contractile thick(myosin) and thin(actin) filaments, sliding of filaments causes muscle shortening
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
Sliding Filament Theory
:
Contraction is triggered by neuromuscular junction and depolarization of the axon terminal & releases ACh into the synaptic cleft
cross-bridge formation: myosin heads can now bind to the actin filament
Power Stroke: Pi is released & triggers the myosin heads to pivot, forcing the actin and myosin filaments to slide past each other, and ADP is released
after the action potential ceases, the sarcoplasmic reticulum pumps the calcium that it had released back into its interior, the tropomyosin molecules again hide the myosin-binding sites, back to their original positions, relaxing and lengthening the sarcomere.
Disorders Associated with the
Muscular System.
Myalgia: muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder
Myopathy: any disease of muscle
Fibromyalgia: inflammation of muscles,their connective tissue coverings and tendons
Hernia: protrusion of an organ of its cavity wall,caused by heavy lifting and obesity
Myofascial Pain Syndrome: pain caused by tightened band of muscle fibers
Spasm: involuntary twitch in smooth or skeletal muscle caused by chemical imbalances, spasms on face are called tics
Strain: excessive stretching and possible muscle tear because of muscle overuse and abuse
Tetanus: sustained contraction of muscle, infectious disease from anaerobic bacterium that can lead to a locked jaw, painful spasms
Charley Horse:painful muscle spasm that could have been caused by tearing of muscle or muscle bleeding
Electromyography: recording of the electrical activity of muscle tissue
Ruptured Calcaneal Tendon
Shin Splints: inflammation of muscles, tendons, connective tissue that surrounds the tibia
Tennis Elbow: overuse of tendon, repetitive stress injury
Torticollis: neck stays rotated to one side, problems with sternocleidomastoid, may be due to the fact of fetus position before birth.