Muscular System by Loraene Lozano Pd:1

Major Functions

Name of all muscles

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Body Movement Terminology

Structure and Organizational Levels

The Sliding Filament Theory

Disorders associated with skeletal muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Tissue is packaged into skeletal muscle, organs that attach to and cover skeleton. Function: Mobility

Only in the heart which consist of the heart walls it is not voluntary

Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as urinary bladder and stomach. Not voluntary

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibilty

Elasticity

Cell to receive and respond to stimulus changing its membrane potential

To shorten forcibly when stimulated sets of muscle s apart from all other tissue types

Ability to extend and stretch

Ability of muscle cells to recoil and resume its resting length

Movement

Muscles contract which because the movement at joints

Posture and body position

Skeletal muscles hold body posture

Joint Stability

When we pull on bones to cause movement, strength and stabilize joints

Heat Production

The muscles contract and causes blood to flow to certain areas

Charlie Horse

Painful muscle spasm. Caused by stretching or tearing muscle

Electromyography

Recording and interpretation of electrical activity of contracting muscles

Hernia

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the muscle or connective tissue that normally contains it.

Quadriceps and Hamstring strains

Tearing muscles often at or near tendons during strenuous activity

Ruptured Calcaneal Tendon

During sports. Erupted by pain, a gap may be seen just above the heel

Shin splints

Painful inflammation of muscles, tendons, and connective tissue surrounding tibia

Tennis elbow

Tenderness dur to oversue of tendon of orgin of the forearm extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Tortcoils

Condition where the neck stays on one side, keeping head tilted in one direction. Infants: Congenital Muscular Turticollis due to the position of the fetus during prenancy

Tenderness due to overuse of tendon of origin of forearm

Fibromyalgia

group of condiions involving chronic inflammation of muscles

Myalgia

Muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder

Myopathy

Any disease of muscle,

RICE

Acronym for rest,ice,compression,and elevation

Spasm

Involuntary twitch in smooth or skeletal muscle

Strain

S train is excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle due to muscle overuse or abuse

Tetanus

State of sustained contraction of a muscle that is normal aspect of skeletal muscle functioning or an acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridum tetani

frontalis= forehead

Tempoalis= side of head

Orbicularis culi= around the eyes

zygomatic= cheek bone

Masseter= jaw

Orbicularis oris= move of mouth

Trapezius=shoulder

Sernocleidomastoid= muscle in neck

Epicranius occipital belly= back of head

Deltoid= beginning of the arm

Tricepsbrachii= part of upper arm

Biceps brachii= upper arm

Brachioradialis=forearm

Flexor carpi radialis= forearm

Palmaris longus= forearm

Infarsponatus= scapular

Pectorails minor= chest

Rectus Abdominid= abdomin

External Oblique= ribs

Latissimus Dorsi= back

Tensor Fascia Tata= side of upper leg

Sartorius= Muscle that foes across leg

Tibialis Anterior= Part of lower leg

Fibularis Longus= SIde of leg

External digitorum longus= part of leg

Gluteus medius=part of butt

Gluteus Maximus= The butt

Gastrocemis= back of leg

Calcaneal= achilles

The sarcomere is the contractile unit composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins. The thick filament has actin heads which latch on to thin filament which has myosin when it is contracting the actin and myosin bind calcium has to be released to SR then calcium then binds to troponin then it moves tropomyosin from actin. So when the actin and myosin bind it forms a cross bridge. Then which Apt is broken down so the cross bridge is now broken When ATP is finally broken down the myosin and actin can bind again doing a power stroke.

Muscle

A muscle consist of 100s of muscle cells plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels and nerve fibers

Fascicle

Is a discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by connective tissue sheath

Muscle fiber

Is an elongated multinucleate cell which has a bundle appearance.

Myofibrils

Are rod like contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cells volume. They are composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end.

Sarcomere

Is a contractile unit that is composed of myofilaments

Myofilaments or filamnet

There is 2 types of myofilaments which are thin and thick filaments. Thick filaments contain myosin and thin contain actin..

Abduction

Movement along frontal plane away from midline

Adduction

movement along frontal plane fowards midline

Circumduction

Involves flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction of the limb.

Rotation

Turning of the bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it

Supination

Palms face anteriorly

Pronation

Palms face posterioly

Dorsiflexion

Bending foot toward skin

Plantar flexion

Pointing toes, inversion or eversion of foot

Inversion

Sole of foot faces medially

Eversion

Sole of foot faces laterally

Protraction

Mandible juts out

Retraction

Mandible is pulled toward neck

Elevation

Lifting body part superioly

Depression

Lowering body part

Opposition

Movement of thumb ex: touching thumb to tips of other fingers on same hand