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Muscular System by Loraene Lozano Pd:1 (Name of all muscles (frontalis=…
Muscular System by Loraene Lozano Pd:1
Major Functions
Movement
Muscles contract which because the movement at joints
Posture and body position
Skeletal muscles hold body posture
Joint Stability
When we pull on bones to cause movement, strength and stabilize joints
Heat Production
The muscles contract and causes blood to flow to certain areas
Name of all muscles
frontalis= forehead
Tempoalis= side of head
Orbicularis culi= around the eyes
zygomatic= cheek bone
Masseter= jaw
Orbicularis oris= move of mouth
Trapezius=shoulder
Sernocleidomastoid= muscle in neck
Epicranius occipital belly= back of head
Deltoid= beginning of the arm
Tricepsbrachii= part of upper arm
Biceps brachii= upper arm
Brachioradialis=forearm
Flexor carpi radialis= forearm
Palmaris longus= forearm
Infarsponatus= scapular
Pectorails minor= chest
Rectus Abdominid= abdomin
External Oblique= ribs
Latissimus Dorsi= back
Tensor Fascia Tata= side of upper leg
Sartorius= Muscle that foes across leg
Tibialis Anterior= Part of lower leg
Fibularis Longus= SIde of leg
External digitorum longus= part of leg
Gluteus medius=part of butt
Gluteus Maximus= The butt
Gastrocemis= back of leg
Calcaneal= achilles
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Tissue is packaged into skeletal muscle, organs that attach to and cover skeleton. Function: Mobility
Cardiac Muscle
Only in the heart which consist of the heart walls it is not voluntary
Smooth Muscle
Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as urinary bladder and stomach. Not voluntary
Excitability
Cell to receive and respond to stimulus changing its membrane potential
Contractility
To shorten forcibly when stimulated sets of muscle s apart from all other tissue types
Extensibilty
Ability to extend and stretch
Elasticity
Ability of muscle cells to recoil and resume its resting length
Body Movement Terminology
Abduction
Movement along frontal plane away from midline
Adduction
movement along frontal plane fowards midline
Circumduction
Involves flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction of the limb.
Rotation
Turning of the bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it
Supination
Palms face anteriorly
Pronation
Palms face posterioly
Dorsiflexion
Bending foot toward skin
Plantar flexion
Pointing toes, inversion or eversion of foot
Inversion
Sole of foot faces medially
Eversion
Sole of foot faces laterally
Protraction
Mandible juts out
Retraction
Mandible is pulled toward neck
Elevation
Lifting body part superioly
Depression
Lowering body part
Opposition
Movement of thumb ex: touching thumb to tips of other fingers on same hand
Structure and Organizational Levels
Muscle
A muscle consist of 100s of muscle cells plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels and nerve fibers
Fascicle
Is a discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by connective tissue sheath
Muscle fiber
Is an elongated multinucleate cell which has a bundle appearance.
Myofibrils
Are rod like contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cells volume. They are composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end.
Sarcomere
Is a contractile unit that is composed of myofilaments
Myofilaments or filamnet
There is 2 types of myofilaments which are thin and thick filaments. Thick filaments contain myosin and thin contain actin..
The Sliding Filament Theory
The sarcomere is the contractile unit composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins. The thick filament has actin heads which latch on to thin filament which has myosin when it is contracting the actin and myosin bind calcium has to be released to SR then calcium then binds to troponin then it moves tropomyosin from actin. So when the actin and myosin bind it forms a cross bridge. Then which Apt is broken down so the cross bridge is now broken When ATP is finally broken down the myosin and actin can bind again doing a power stroke.
Disorders associated with skeletal muscle
Charlie Horse
Painful muscle spasm. Caused by stretching or tearing muscle
Electromyography
Recording and interpretation of electrical activity of contracting muscles
Hernia
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the muscle or connective tissue that normally contains it.
Quadriceps and Hamstring strains
Tearing muscles often at or near tendons during strenuous activity
Ruptured Calcaneal Tendon
During sports. Erupted by pain, a gap may be seen just above the heel
Shin splints
Painful inflammation of muscles, tendons, and connective tissue surrounding tibia
Tennis elbow
Tenderness dur to oversue of tendon of orgin of the forearm extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Tortcoils
Condition where the neck stays on one side, keeping head tilted in one direction. Infants: Congenital Muscular Turticollis due to the position of the fetus during prenancy
Tenderness due to overuse of tendon of origin of forearm
Fibromyalgia
group of condiions involving chronic inflammation of muscles
Myalgia
Muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder
Myopathy
Any disease of muscle,
RICE
Acronym for rest,ice,compression,and elevation
Spasm
Involuntary twitch in smooth or skeletal muscle
Strain
S train is excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle due to muscle overuse or abuse
Tetanus
State of sustained contraction of a muscle that is normal aspect of skeletal muscle functioning or an acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridum tetani