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Word-for-word definitions (Biological Response (Stimuli: A change in…
Word-for-word definitions
Cells
Osmosis
: The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient
Tissue
: A group of the same specialised cells that have the same function
Organ
: A group of different tissues performing different functions
Enzyme
: A biological catalyst (often a protein)
Differentiation
: The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
Stem Cell
: An undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells
Chromosome
: Structure inside the nucleus that carries DNA in the form of genes
Gene
: A section of DNA that controls parts of characteristics of one's body
DNA
: (deoxyribonucleic acid) a self replicating material that makes up genes. It carries genetic information
Biological Response
Stimuli
: A change in internal and external environment
Receptors
: Cells that detect stimuli
Homeostasis
: Maintaining stable internal conditions, ones that are optimal for cell function, in response to internal or external changes
Effectors
: muscles/glands that respond to nervous impulses and cause change
Reflex
: Rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that don't involve the conscious part of the brain
Central nervous system
: Control centre that receives information from receptors and coordinates a response, carried out by effectors
Hormone
: A chemical produced by a gland that affects function of a target organ
Phototropism
: A growing response towards light
Gravitropism
: A growing response towards gravity
Endocrine system
: The glands in the body that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream
Disease
Pathogen
: Microorganism that causes disease
Bacteria
: Single-celled prokaryotic organism
Communicable Disease
: A disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from one organism to another
Non-communicable Disease
: A disease that is not infectious and cannot be passed from one organism to another
Causal mechanism
: Something that explains how one thing causes another (through a biological process)
Risk factor
: Aspects of a person's lifestyle or substances present in a person's body or environment that have been shown to be linked to an increased rate of a disease