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Chapter 13 Sec 1 (Structure of vessel walls (Tunica intima (innermost…
Chapter 13 Sec 1
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Capillaries are the only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluid
Capillaries do not function as individual units but as part of an interconnected network (capillary beds)
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Elastic arteries- large, extremely resilient vessels (pulmonary trunk, aorta)
Durring ventricular diastole, blood pressure declines quickly, durring ventricular systole blood pressure increases quickly
Muscular Arteries- distribute blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs (external carotid arteries)
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after passing the axilla, the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery
in the forearm, the brachial artery beomes the radial and ulnar artery
the internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called circle of willis
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near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the common iliac arteries
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after recieving the internal jugular vein, the subclavian vein becomes the barchiocephalic vein
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elderly individuals are more prone to suffer from (hypertension, venous thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, and problems with the conducting system of the heart) compared to younger ppl
vicki has a disabled posterior pituitary, she could expect decreased blood volume
in response to a hemorrhage, there is mobilization of the venous reserve
symptoms of shock include hypotension, rapid/weak pulse, decreased urine formation, acidosis
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the normal blood volume of the arterial system is less than the normal blood volume of the venous system
the vessels that permit exchange of materials between the cells and the blood are termed capillaries
13.2
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Viscosity- the resistanceto flow resulting from interactions among molecules and suspended materials in a liquid
low viscosity, low pressure and vice versa
blood usually flows through a vessel smoothly with the slowest flow near the walls and fastest at the center
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The primary function of thecardiovascular system is to maintain adequate blood flow through capillaries in all tissues of the body
blood flow rate is directly proportional to the pressure difference: the greater the difference in pressur, the faster the flow
13.7
in the systemic circuit, the ascending aorta gives rise to the coronary circulation. the aortic arch communicates with the descending aorta
arteries in the neck and limps are deep beneath the skin; in contrast, two sets of peripheral veins usually occur in those sites, one superficial and one deep. this is important for controlling body temp
the superior vena cava recieves blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms
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the hepatic portal system directs blood from the digestive organs to the liver before the blood returns to the heart
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13.3 and 13.4
vasodilators and vasoconstrictors promote dilation of precapillary sphincters, controlling blood flow in a single capillary bed
chemoreceptor reflexes respond to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, or ph in blood
venous reserve- lsrge reservoirs of slowly moving venous blood in the liver, bone marrow, and skin
13.5
the pulmonary circuit is composed of arteries and veins that transport blood between the heart and the lungs, starts at right ventricle ends at left atrium
systemic circuit iscomposed of arteries that transport oxygenated blood and nutrients to all other organs and tissues and veins that return deoxygenated blood to hear. starts at left ventricle ends at right atrium
the peripheral distribution of arteries and veins are generally identical on both sides of the body except near the heart
13.6
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the pulmonary circuit includes the pulmonary trunk, the left and right pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins which empty into the left atrium
13.8
the placenta recieves blood from the two umbilical arteries. blood returns to the fetus through umbilical vein, which delivers blood to the ductus venosus in the liver
prior to the delivery, blood bypasses the pulmonary circuit by flowing 1. from the right atrium into the left atrium through the foramen ovale, and 2. from the pulmonary trunk into the aortic arch via the ductus arteriosus
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13.10
the cardiovacular system delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all body systems