Impressionism (1890s)
Characteristics
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The impressionists had a revolt against the primary principles of Romanticism, where emotional excitement of the artist came first and nature second.
They were interested in the objective recording of contemporary and actual experience. The idea of recording immediate uninterrupted experiences led these painters in many of their pictures to avoid the appearance of formal compositions and to seek to convey the effect of accidental and chance disposition as if a camera had photographed a scene.
Impressionists adopted a range of pure hues in order to convey the luminosity of nature. They used no BLACKS; STROKES f unused pigments; canvas primed in white instead of the traditional brown. This method of painting later continued to the pointillist style.
New technology - photography
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Overview
Used short "broken" brush strokes of mixed and pure unmixed colors. Not blended smoothly or shaded
Short, thick stokes of paint are used to quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its detail. Paint often applied impasto.
They found that they could capture the momentary and transient effect of sunlight by painting EN PLEIN AIR
Colors are applied side-by-side with as little mixing as possible
Painted realistic scenes of modern life, and often outdoors
Greys and dark tones are produced by mixing complementary colors. Black paint is avoided
Constructed their paintings from freely brushed colors - took precedence over Lines and Contours.
Wet paint is placed into wet paint without waiting for successive applications to dry.
The surface of impressionists paintings is typically opaque
The play of natural light is emphasized
Claude Monet
Rouen Cathedral
Light was all that interested Monet
Each work captures the Cathedral at a different time of the day and year, thus reflecting the changes in its appearance under different conditions of light and colour
Series of thirty
1892 - 1894