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DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS (Plastics (Rajendran et al. 2016 (lightweight,…

- - - - suitable for the manufacture of a wide range of products
    - - increasing load of debris is dispersed over long distances
        
        after settling into sediments they persist for centuries
  - - - Landfilling
        
        accumulation of organic pollutants
        
        space for landfills is becoming scarce
        
        Mataloni et al. 2016
        
        positive association between exposure to hydrogen sulfide and mortality for respiratory diseases
      - Recycling
        
        Hopewell et al.2009
        
        recycling of mixed plastic waste is a major challenge
        
        Pivnenko et al. 2015
        
        factors affecting plastic recycling
        
        non-polymer impurities
        
        degradation
        
        additives
        
        polymer cross-contamination
      - Incineration
        
        produces non-degradable organic pollutants known as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
  - - - SPI Code 1
      - Used to make many common household items
      - Commonly recycled
    - - SPI Code 2
      - Containers for milk, motor oil, shampoos and conditioners
      - Commonly recycled
    - - Sometimes recycled
      - Cling-film, sandwich bags, squeezable bottles, and plastic grocery bags
      - SPI Code 4
- - - - In situ
        
        provide the treatment in place, avoiding contamination and transport of contaminants
        
        less expensive and more desirable due to least disturbance
      - Ex situ
        
        contaminated soil is excavated and treated elsewhere
- - - - assimilation (growth of microbes while using polymer as sole carbon source)
      - fragmentation by hydrolysis, where the plastic is degraded
      - adherence of microbes to surface and biofilm formation
      - mineralization, where the plastic is disintegrated