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Viral infections of CNS Micro Exam 5 (Measles (Subacute Sclerosing …
Viral infections of CNS
Micro Exam 5
HSV-1
HSV-2
Herpes Simplex Virus
Encephalitis:
FRONTAL + TEMPORAL
regions of the brain
HSV-1
Acquired early in life from casual contact
--> latent virus reactivated in adulthood
Symptoms
Cold sores
Fever blisters
HSV-2
Aquired later in life due to sexual contact
Can be passed to neonate
Complication
Neonatal encephalitis:
Skin lesions
Conkunctivitis
Lab:
Suggestive EEG --> brain biopsy
Non invasive MRI
- becoming popular
Culture + observation (Tzanck)
PCR of CSF
Treatment:
ACYCLOVIR EARLY
Suppresses symptoms but doesn't cure
Measles
Subacute Sclerosing
Panencaphalitis (SSPE)
:
Intracellular inclusions in neuronal cells
Lymphocytic infiltration
Destruction of nerve cells
Children + young adults
JC virus (same family as SV40)
Progressive Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy:
Demyelination of white matter
(rare + slowly progressing)
LYSIS of oligodendrocytes
Elderly (age 60-70)
Immunosuppressed (HIV/AIDS)
HIV-1
HIV Neurologic disease
:
HIV-1 attacks perivascular macrophages + microglial cells
Viral envelope proteins (V1+V2) + gp120 --> neurotoxic molecules
Concentrated in WHITE MATTER + SUBCORTICAL GRAY MATTER (basal ganglia)
Symptoms
(Slow decline)
Cognitive alterations
Motor problems
Social withdrawal
Treatment:
HAART
Multiple Sclerosis
:
Demyelination of white matter
Treatment: Natalizumab
Young adulthood onset