Humanities exam semester 2 Year 9
Biomes
Civics
Food security
Business
The worlds Biomes
Define the term biome and identify specific examples
Differentiate between the two different types of ecosystems
Explain what solar insolation is and its importance to ecosystems
Describe the relationship between solar insolation and latitude
Define precipitation and explain its importance to ecosystems
Define temperature and explain its importance to ecosystems
Start to explore the impact of humans on the biosphere
A Biome is a area with specific climate and vegetation, for example a tundra is a cold, treeless biome.
Aquatic is an water based ecosystem, while terrestrial is a land based ecosystem
Solar insolation is the amount of solar radiation an ecosystem receives. It is important because ecosystems rely on their normal amount of solar insolation and any disruption to that can hurt the ecosystem, e.g if the tundra had more solar radiation, the snow would melt and trees would grow.
There is more solar insolation around the equator, and as the latitude moves towards the poles there is less solar insolation.
Precipitation is water that falls from the clouds in the forms of sleet, hail, rain, snow.
Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold an area is, which is determined by how much sun it can get.
Humans are making factories that are adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and these gases are getting trapped in the ozone layer. They are then warming up the planet because they are trapped. This is called the greenhouse event. The ozone layer is also beginning to degrade and weakening in certain areas
Australias biomes
Explain and understand why Australia has a variety of ecosystems
Demonstrate links between Australian ecosystems to other locations in the world
Australia is positioned near both the equator and the south pole (at different ends) and because of this, Australia has a very diverse range of ecosystems from the tropical rainforests in north Queensland to the icy mountains in southern Tasmania.
Australian ecosystems in Queensland, specifically the tropical rainforests, resemble a lot of south america. The dessert in central australia is similar to desserts in the middle of Africa, and the great barrier reef is similar to many reefs around the world, specifically around islands.
Case study: Antarctica and the Arctic
Outline how humans contribute to global warming
Describe the impact that global warming is having (or may have in the future) on the polar biomes of the world
Explain how the changes to these polar biomes can impact other parts of the world
Humans are making factories that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which heats up the earth, and cannot escape because the ozone layer keeps these gases in, so they heat up the earth.
The ice caps are melting at both poles because of the increased temperature, and in the future, if it is not stopped, both poles will melt, and many polar species will be lost.
The water from the melted ice caps will raise the sea level causing other countries to have their coastal towns flooded.
Biomes and food security
Define the term omnivore
Explain, using examples, what is meant by a ‘staple food’
Identify which types of biomes can produce the most food
An animal who eats both meat and plants. e.g, a human.
A staple food is an easy to grow and mass produce food often at the base of a particular area of the world's cuisine, for example, wheat is easy to grow in Europe, so a lot of their food ends up with bread or wheat in it.
Biomes that are not to hot or cold, and that are flat so grasslands, and forests if cut down.
Threats to Global Food Security
Climate and Climate change
Understand the terms ‘food security and food insecurity’.
Recognise the potential risks and threats to food security, especially climate change, land and water degradation
Recognise that threats to food security can have impacts locally and globally.
Food security means that you have access to safe, nutritious food that meets your dietary requirements and that it is from a sustainable food source (if you have access to hunting, for example, that is not sustainable because maybe one day you won't kill anything). Food insecurity is the opposite, when you do not have access to safe, nutritious food and a sustainable food source.
Explain why climate is important to food production
Identify the positive and negative aspects of climate change
Identify the parts of the world most at risk of food insecurity due to climate change, land and water degradation
Conduct research into an area currently at risk due to climate change
Land and water degradation
Identify the environmental causes of water and land degradation
Outline the impact of water and land degradation on food security
Population growth and food production
Describe the impact of population growth on food production.
Understand the trends in food production.
Explain the different factors in expanding food production.
Describe the barriers in food production.
Marketing
Business
Advertising of a product
Create awareness of the product and convince people they need it
To make a profit, business' market
Marketing 4 Ps
Product: What are they selling?
Price: How much those items cost?
Place: Where are they selling it?
Promotion: How do they advertise?
Take into account need for profit
Also make sure not too much profit per item or people won't buy it
Online
In store
Magazines
Billboards
Definition: Buying and selling goods/services to make a profit
Business models
Sole trader
Partnership business
Combination of positive and negative
Positives
Negatives
Retain all profit
Easy to set up and shut down
Complete responsibility
Responsible for all debt
Can be stressful to make all decisions
Examples
Cafe
Florist
Homemade candles
Combination of positive and negative
Negative
Positives
More peoples ideas
Workload shared
A business owned and run by one person
A business owned and run by 2-20 people
Examples
Profit distributed evenly
Everyone responsible for debt
Decisions can take a long time to be made
Restaurant
Franchise
Tech company
Real estate
If climate change continues, food security is at risk. The areas where we grow crops will get too hot and the land will become infertile. Land degradation due to overgrazing, among other factors can also leave much of the worlds land unusable as livestock fields and well us unusable for crops.
Locally, people will begin to try and grow their own food in a desperate effort to have food. Food prices will go up because crops will have to be imported. Globally, people will begin to starve if food cannot get to them, and we will not have enough food to feed the growing population.
If the climate of an area is too humid, dry, hot or cold, it can mean that food cannot be produced there. If it is to dry it can't get water, too hot it might shrivel and die, and too cold it will freeze. If we don't have areas will a balanced, neutral climate, food production will become significantly harder
Positive aspects are that it is bringing the world together against a common issue. The negative is that it will destroy crops, cause the sea levels to rise, cause many natural disasters that will kill many people and ultimately it will destroy this earth and make it inhospitable
Poorer countries are at risk as they are less likely to be able to pay to import food and also will lose the land they have to land degradation. Climate change will effect areas where people live in very cold climates and melt the ice around them. It will also affect those living on the coasts as the poles will melt and raise sea levels.
Land degradation can be caused by many things, including overgrazing, tourism and introduced plant and animal species. Water degradation is cause by pollution in water and other things such as oil spills and mining activities.
If land degrades, it can mean less viable crop land. Water degradation can kill fish and sec creatures which are a primary source of food for many people and areas. Both of these things will really put food security under threat if the continue.
As the population grows, food production also needs to grow, and it is, but not enough. The population is growing so fast that we cannot speed up food production fast enough, and this is leading to future food insecurity
Representative government
The parliament of Victoria
Law making in Victoria
Australia's legal system
Biomes and food security recap
Biomes
Food security
Climate: Weather and temperature
Precipitation: rainfall, sleet, snow, hail
Important for plants and animals living there
Classification
Vegetation
Precipitation
Elevation
Solar insolation
The amount of solar energy an area receives
Ecosystem types
Aquatic: Water based
Terrestrial: Land based
Why Australia has so many types of biomes?
Long coast line
Geological hostory
Large in size
Antarctica and the arctic
Climate change
Ice caps melting
Sea level rising
Temperature is rising
Effects of climate change
Coastal towns and islands flooding
Salt levels in the sea are changing
Animals losing habitats and food
Ocean temperature changing
Animals effected
Agriculture effected
Staple foods are foods regularly eaten by a community that are easy to grow in that area
Definition of food security: Access to healthy food in a reasonable quantity and of a reasonable quality
Things that can impact food security
Poverty
No land space for crops
Over populated
War or conflict
Droughts/flooding
Climate/Weather
Fresh water shortage
Water degradation
Land degradation
Changing consumption pattern
Human impact on the world that cause climate change and food insecurity
Clearing of land for agriculture
Urbanisation
Deforestation
Pollution
Over fishing
Bicameral system: a system of government consisting of 2 houses
Legislative council
Legislative Assembly
Larger house, 88 people
Lower house
Represented by green
Upper house
Represented by red
Smaller house, 40 people