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The Muscular System Uriarte Rafael Period 5 (Name of all the Muscles…
The Muscular System Uriarte Rafael Period 5
Name of all the Muscles (pink worksheets)
Frontalis
Masseter
Temporalis
Orbicularis pculi
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis Oris
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis
External oblique
Transverse abdominis
Brachio- radialus
Rectus abdominis
Flex or carpi radialis
Major deltoid
Biceps brachii
Rectus femoris
Fibularis longus
Gracilis
Adductor group
Vastus literalis
Trapezius
Latis simus dorsi
Tibialis anterior
Deltoid
Sartorius
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Gluteus maximus
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Biceps femoris
Adductor magmus
Semitendimosis
body movement terminology
adduction
moving a part towards the midline
abduction
moving a part away from the midline
hyperextension
extend beyond anatomical position
rotation
moving a part around its axis
plantar flexion
flexion at ankle brings foot farther away from shin
lateral flexion
bending head, neck , or trunk to the side
dorisflexion
flexion of ankle brings foot closer to shin
circumduction
end of part follows a circular path
extension
increasing the angle at a joint
pronation
rotation of forearm so that the palm is downward or facing the
posterior
flexion
decreasing the angle at a joint
supination
rotation of forearm so that the palm is upward or facing the
anterior
Major Functions of the Muscular System
Posture
maintain body position and stabilizing joints, body posture, regulate organ volume
Thermogenesis
Heat production and Contraction produces heat; helps with
homeostasis
Motion/Movement
change in body position
3 types of Muscle Tissues
Cardiac Muscle
Cells are long, cylindrical, branched, and has single central nucleus. Is also striated and also Invlountary. It allows the heart to circulate blood throughout the body.
Smooth Muscle
Cells are spindle-shaped with single central nucleus and has no striations, appears smooth. Are Invlontary and aka visceral muscles. This tissue controls the movement inside internal organs.
Skeletal Muscle
Cells are long, cylindrical, parallel, and multinucleated. Also striated and Voluntary. This tissue makes up 40-50% of body weight (red meat).
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
The Sliding Filament Theory
Ca++ binds to actin myofilament, exposing the myosin binding site
Myosin attaches to actin, forming actin/myosin cross-bridges
Myosin head moves toward M-line
of sarcomere, pulling actin filaments past myosin
This action is repeated many times powered by ATP
Nerve impulse or action potential travels down sarcolemma
Z lines get closer together as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, and sarcomeres shorten (H zone disappears), shortening the entire myofibril
muscle contraction
Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft, and binds with receptors on motor end plate of the muscle cell
This causes receptor to change shape, and opens Na+ [SODIUM] channels in sarcolemma
Nerve impulse reaches synaptic end bulbs and causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with neurolemma and release Ach (Acetylcholine)
Electrical current is generated and is carried along sarcolemma, causes action potential (muscle contraction)
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Muscle fibers
Myofibrils
Fascicles
Filaments
Muscle
Origin
the end of a muscle that attaches to the bone that does not move when contraction of the muscle occurs
Insertion
the end of a muscle attached to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts
Body
main part of the muscle
Tendons
strong cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bone
Ligaments
strong cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach bone to bone
Bursae
synovial-lined sacs containing synovial fluid; located between some tendons and underlying bones
Organizational levels
Structure of the Skeletal Muscle
Steps 1-6 in order
Steps 1-4
Head
Body / trunk
Limbs
Buttocks