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calderonhailey p.5 muscular system (structure and organizational levels…
calderonhailey p.5 muscular system
major functions
Posture: maintain body position
Thermogenesis: heat production
Motion/Movement: change in body position
3 type of muscle tissue and functions
cardiac muscle: pump blood throughout the body
smooth muscle: controls movement inside internal organs
skeletal muscle: move the body, contractions pull on tendons, which are attached to bones.
body movement terminology
abduction: moving a part away from the midline
hyperextension: extend beyond anatomical position
adduction: moving a part towards the midline
rotation: moving a part around its axis
plantar flexion: flexion at ankle brings foot farther away from shin
lateral flexion: bending head, neck , or trunk to the side
dorsiflexion: flexion of ankle brings foot closer to shin
circumduction: end of part follows a circular path
extension: increasing angle at joint
pronation: rotation of forearm so that the palm is downward or facing the posterior
flexion: decreasing angle at joint
supination: rotation of forearm so that the palm is upward or facing the anterior
Muscle Contraction
3) this causes receptor to change shape, and opens na+ channels in sarcolemma
4) electrical current is generated and is carried along sarcolemma, causes action potential
2) ach diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on motor end plate of the muscle cell
1) nerve impulse reaches synaptic end bulbs and causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with neurolemma and release ach
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
tendon: flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
muscle fiber: composed of actin and myosin filaments, repeated units are known as sarcomeres, which are the basic functional units of the muscle fiber
sarcomere: structural unit of a myofibril in striated muscle, consisting of a dark band and the nearer half of each adjacent pale band.
bundles of muscle fibers: fasciculus and is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the perimysium