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Chapter eight (vocab (lunula (a crescent- shaped or mark, in particular),…
Chapter eight
vocab
lunula
a crescent- shaped or mark, in particular
metanin
dark black pigment occurring in hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals
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keratinization a disorder, termed as cornification superficial layer of outer gingival epithelium
melanocytes a mature melanin forming cell, typically in the skin
keratin
fibrous protein forming, main structures constituent of hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, ect.
pustule
red, tender bumps with white pus at tip
epithelial cells
include secretion, selective, absorption, protection, transcellular transport, sensing
sebaceous gland
small-gland in skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter into hair follicles to lubricate skin/hair
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seborrheic keratosis
noncancerous skin condition that appears as a waxy brown, black, or tan growth
eccrine
denoting multicellular gland that don't lose cytoplasm in secretion, sweat gland widely distributed on skin
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ecchymosis
discoloration of skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
scabies
contagious intensity itchy skin condition caused by a tiny, burrowing mite
squamous cells
common skin cancer, an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells a rising from the squamous cells in the epidermis
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carotene
red/orange pigment, it is important to diet as a precursor of vitamin A
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apocrine
relating to denoting multicellular glands that release cytoplasm secretion in armpit and pubic region
tinea (ringworm)
highly contagious, fungal infection of skin or scraping
Alopecia
sudden hair loss, one or more, circle patch
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how skin heals
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inflammatory starts, then white blood cells enter and destroy any pathogens
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if wound is deep, scar composed of collagen fibers develops scars don't contain any accessory organs or nerve ending
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healing ideally starts out inside and out, it preventing pathogens trapped between healed surface and deeper layer of skin could develop into pockets of infections
burns
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second degree burns
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symptoms include redness, pain, and blistering
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blisters heal within 10-14 days of there are no complications with deeper second degree burns taking 1-3 1/2 months to heal
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burn without an open blister run under cool water, dry burn carefully (avoid breaking blister) and apply dry sterile dressing, take Motrin for pain
third degree burns
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surface of burn has leathery feel and will range in color from black, brown, red, or white
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fluid replacement, antibiotics, and skin grafting
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grafting requires many trips to or because large areas can't be done all at once and often grafts don't "take"
requires many trips to OR because large area can't be done all at once and often grafts don't "take"
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autografting is using patients own skin, while heterografting is required if patient suffered large area of burn and has little healthu skin to gaft
is using patients own skin, while heterografting is required if patient siffered large are of burn and has little healthy skin to graft
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hair
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helps to regulate body temp. and functions as sensor to help detect things on skin such as bugs or cobwebs
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cells divided and grow in base of follicle older cells are pushed away and die so shaft or hair is comprised of dead cells
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there is a sebaceous gland associated with each hair follice, secreting sebum that coats to prevents drying of hair, acting as anti-bacterial and lubricating hair shafts
SEBUM production decreasing with age explaining why older people have drier skin and more brittle hair
dermis
layer below, or inferior, to epidermis is thicker dermis layer
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collagen and elastic fibers allow for elasticity of skin, preventing tearing with movement; allow skin to return to normal shape during periods of rest; older people lose some elasticity leading to wrinkles
lyme disease
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signs/ symptoms
"bulls eye" rash red circle with lighter center often very first presenting sign of infection, appears few days to several weeks following tick bites
flu like symptoms, fever and chills
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if untreated can lead to neurological cardiovascular problems, arthritis
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nails
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as cells grow out and over nail bed, they become keratinized foriming substances similar to horn on a bull process occurs as cells dry to shrink and are pushed to the surface and filled with keratin
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pink color of nail comes from vascularization of tissue under nails while white, white half-moon shaped area or lunula is result of thicker layer of cells at base
melanocytes
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there are different colors or variations of skin color because of the amount of melanin that is produced and how it is distributed
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Epidermis
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cells on surface are constantly shedding, being replaced with new cells that grow and arise from deeper region called STRATUM BASALE every 2-4 weeks
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Outermose layer is layer of dead cells, called stratum corneum which are flat scley, keratinized epithelial
scabies
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symptoms
intense itching, vesicles, and pustules
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sudoriferous glands
two main types of sudoriferous, or sweat glands
apocrine: sweat glands secrete at hair follicles in groin and anal region as well as armpits; become attire around puberty sexual attractants
eccrine glands are found in greater number on palms feet, forehead, and upper lip, are important in regulation of temp.
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sweat has no order, but bacteria degrades substances in sweat over time into chemicals that gives of strong smells commonly known as body odor
lice
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lice spread directly by contact with infested person of infested objects (hair brushes, ect.)
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treatment
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thorough cleaning of all bedding, towels, clothing, hats, comb and hair brushes (alternativity, these items can be discarded)
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skin color and disease
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yellowish skin (jaundice) may indicate liver disease yellowish color may also be seen in white of eye
in liver disease , body can't break down bilirubin gives skin yellow color
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bronze color
may indicate adrenal gland disease; malfunctioning adrenal glands can cause skin to produce excessive melanin
bruised skin (ecchymosis) could indicate skin, blood, or circulatory problems
Herpes
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signs/symptoms
usually come and go, there are periods of remission and exacerbbation
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types
herpes varicella
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vesicles can be found on face, trunk, extremities
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Herpes zoster
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symptoms develops when stress, disease, trauma, or aging prevent immune system, from keeping virus in check
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Fungal Infections
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usually located in warm, moist, regions of body
signs/symptoms: cracking, weeping, and itching skin
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types of tinea
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tinea corporis
fungal infections of smooth skin on arms, legs, and body
apperance: red, ring shaped structure with pale center
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tinea unguium
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if untreated, results overgrown, and thick nails with white/brittle apperance
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D/T
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may visual problems, greater risk of skin cancer
Human Papilloma Virus
causes warts, hypertrophy of keratin cells in skin, types of warts
common warts
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genital warts
sexually transmitted, and highly contagious
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hair color and texture
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flat hair shafts produce curly hair, while round hair shafts produce straight hair
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system over view
integumentary system
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is compromised of skin and it's acessory component including hair, nails, and associated glands
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albinism
is when there is very little pigment in their skin, hair, and eyes
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