Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Aspiration Pneumonia (RML) & Respiratory Failure (Signs &…
Aspiration Pneumonia (RML) &
Respiratory Failure
Pathophysiology of ALS
Idiopathic Degeneration of UMN
Affects cerebral cortex
Potential reasons
Build up of protein in cytoplasm
Mitochondrial damage leading to oxidative stress
Impaired DNA process
Transport defects of RNA
Risk factors of ALS
Familial
Exposure to heavy metals
Military background
Nutritional intake
Trauma
Vigorous physical activity
Idiopathic Degeneration of LMN
Affects medulla and anterior horn of SC
Loss of motor input to muscles
Degeneration of muscle fibers
Early Stage: Patchy distal weakness and muscle irritability
Middle stage: Distal>proximal Weakness; Bulbar signs
Late Stage: Inability to swallow, Respiratory failure, Loss of speech
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Failure
1 more item...
Dysphagia
Food to be aspirated in to trachea
1 more item...
Dysarthria
Medical Management
Antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Moxifloxacin
Ampicillin
Levofloxacin
Supplemental oxygen
Breathing support
Steroids
Tracheotomy: If upper airway is obstructed
Signs & Symptoms
Wheezing
Fatigue
SOB
Cough
Potential for: green sputum, blood, or foul odor
Difficulty swallowing
Bad breath with poor oral hygiene
Fever
Excessive sweating
Elevation of white cell count
Diagnostic Testing
Contrast-enhanced CT
CBC
Leukocytosis
Chest x-ray
New infiltrate in dependent lung fields
ABG
Decreased O2 saturation & acidosis if patient is moderately to severely ill
Bronchoscopy
Aerobic respiratory culture
Signs and Symptoms
Fasiculations (LMN)
Babinski and Hoffmann signs (UMN)
Gradual Muscle atrophy and weakness (LMN)
Hyperreflexia and Spasticity (UMN)
Emotional lability (UMN)
Slurred speech
Foot drop or difficulty walking (Early sign)
Loss of hand dexterity or ability to bring arms over head (Early sign)
