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CH. 13 (13.4 -13.10 (pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery), Small veins of…
CH. 13
13.4 -13.10
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The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the circle of Willis
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In the forearm, the brachial artery becomes the radial artery and ulnar artery
After passing the axilla, the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery
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Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the common iliac arteries
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After receiving the internal jugular vein, the subclavian vein becomes the brachiocephalic vein
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In response to hemorrhage, there is mobilization of the venous reserve
13.3
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When a capillary bed decreases in blood flow due to locally high oxygen levels, its caused by autoregulation
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13.1 Blood vessels
Layers of blood vessels
Tunica media
muscle tissue, collagen and elastic fibers
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Capillaries
the ONLY blood vessels walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid
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13.7 systemic circuit
Systemic c. carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to tissues other than the lungs exchange surfaces, and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
The systemic circuit supplies the capillary beds in all parts of the body not serviced by the pulmonary circuit
Contains about 84% of total blood volume, begins at the left ventricle and ends at the right atrium
Ascending Aorta
Begins at the aortic semilunar valve of the left ventricle, and the left and right coronary arteries originate near its base
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13.8 fetal circulation
fetal circulation
Blood can flow freely from right atrium to the left, but any backflow will close the valve and isolate the 2 chambers
Ductus arteriosus, consists of a short, muscular vessel
Interatrial opening, or foramen ovale, is associated with an elongate flap that acts as a valve
changes at birth
When an infant takes it's first breath, the lungs and pulmonary vessels
Within a few seconds, the smooth muscles in the ducts arteriosus contract, isolating the pulmonary and aortic trunks, an blood begins flowing through the pulmonary circuit
placental blood supply
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Blood returning from the placenta flows through a single umbilical vein before reaching the developing liver
Some of the blood flow through capillary networks within the liver; the rest bypass the liver capillaries & reaches the inferior vena cava within the ductus venosus
13.9 Aging
Blood
Changes may include:
The constriction or blockage of peripheral veins by the formation of a thrombus, which can become detached, pass through the heart, & become wedged in a small artery
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Heart
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Progressive atherosclerosis, which can restrict coronary circulation
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Blood vessels
Changes are often related to arteriosclerosis, a thickening and toughening of arterial walls
Calcium salts can be deposited on weakened vascular walls, increasing the risk of a stroke or myocardial infarction
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Inelastic walls of arteries become less tolerant of sudden pressure increases, which can lead to a localized dilation, or aneurysm, whose rupture may cause a stroke, myocardial infarction, or massive blood loss
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