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2.1F Aggression- An act with the intent to harm outside the rules of the…
2.1F Aggression- An act with the intent to harm outside the rules of the sporting
event.
Instinct theory
Natural/Innate/Stable based on instinct.
Protective / Survival Response
Linked to High Arousal and Stress causing Anger
Often Retaliation Responses
Social Learning Theory
Learnt by watching and copying significant others.
More likely if seen to be reinforced as a positive behaviour.
More likely if the significant other is the same gender as the observer.
More likely in males.
More likely to be copied if seen performed in 'real life'.
Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis
Caused due to blocked goals causing frustration.
A behaviour used to achieve success and overcome frustrations.
Often repeated when punished due to a lack of catharsis (goal still blocked).
Often caused by a perceived lack of fairness (referee decisions).
Often caused by poor personal performances.
Eliminating aggression
Somatic relaxation
Selective attention
Sanctions
Education
Avoidance
Praise
Social learning
Goal setting
Causes of aggression
Innate
Frustration/ high arousal
Copying
Group culture
Sporting norms
Retaliation
Cues from environment
Importance of event
Pressure from others
Alcohol or drugs
Instinct theory
External influences