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Human Rights (Stanford Encyclopedia of Phil (Which Rights are Human Rights…
Human Rights
Stanford Encyclopedia of Phil
General idea of human rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) has 6 families of human rights
Security rights: protection against violent crimes
Due process rights: against abuses of the legal system
Liberty Rights: freedom in belief, expression, etc. (american rights)
Social rights: provision of education, protection of severe poverty and starvation
Defining Human Rights
How people should be treated by their governments and institutions
Exist as moral and/or legal rights
Shared norm of actual human rights
Justified moral norm supported by strong reasons
Legal right at the national level
Legal right within international law
Specific
Numerous rather than few
Rights of lawyers, not philosophers
Avoiding the terrible, not achieving the best
High priority norms
Robust justifications that apply everywhere
Not strictly a right but a right
Rightholders and impose obligations on government
Existence of Human Rights
Exist as norms of national and international law
But if only this, then contingent on domestic and international political dev
God made rights
Hard as hell to create robust justifications
Universal moralities
Human rights focused on changing existing norms, not just description of existing moral standards
maybe they dont support rights of individuals
obligations on government, not interpersonal relationships
Justified Moralities
Strong reasons to believe its almost always wrong to torture
Which Rights are Human Rights
which rights get on the list
Human rights are specific and problem oriented
Bill of rights: list of complaints and abuses of previous gov
Is a norm compatible with the general idea of human rights found in preexisting international treaties
Needs answers to
Can gov be adressee
ensures that peeps have minimally good lives
high priority
robust justifications
Use hella tests
Civil and Political Rights
Right to freedom and political participation
fit general idea
Minority and Group Rights
Equal rights for disadvantaged groups
Enviromental Rights
Right to a safe enviroment
justified
serious threat to human interests
gov have responbilities
feasible
hard
Social Rights
It does a rights-goals mix