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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Concepts…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
Life Cycle
Alternates between heteromorphic Generations
Flower Plants
Gametophytes
Small
Inside pollen grains and ovules
Sporophytes
Larger
Leaves and roots
Nonvascular Plants
Ganetophytes
Larger
more of a prominent generation
Always grow up to be smaller
Sporophytes
Smaller
more temporatry
Very inconspicuous
Never branch
little photosynthesis
Never independent of the genophute
Never have leaves
General Char.
Embryophtes
Multicellular Sporangia and Gametangia
lots of stomata's
true parenchyma
exclusively terrestrial
Cuticle covers most of the body
Lack of vascular tissues
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
Sporophyte Generation
Structure
Apex
lid-like
operculum
peristome teeth
Dry
Closes
Humid
opens & releases spores
Homosporous
All spores appear identical
True Epidermis
stomata
Sustained by Gametophyte
Main Parts
Satea
Slender Stalk
Foot
Interface
Sporangia
Capsule
Haploid Spores
Gametophyte Generation
Reproduction
Gametophores
Gametangia
Oogamous
Non-Motile Egg
Archegonia
Biflagellate Sperm
Antheridia
Archegonia/Antheridia occur in same gametophore in bisexual species
Development
Spore Germinates
Mitosis
Repeat
Network of Moss
Protonema
Perenial
Producing many buds
Water transport
Most moss
lack hydroids/leptoids
Sugar moved between parenchyma cells by slow transport
Capillaries on Stems
conducts water
Some Moss
Rhezoids
Do not absorb water nor minerals
lack chlorplast
only anchor the stem
Have reddish walls
Trichome Structures
Hydroids
Conduct water and dissolved minerals
lose cytoplasm when mature
Long
Leptoids
retain cytoplasm
at maturity, lacks nuclei
resemble sieve cells
Morphology
No stomata
stems have hairs
Stems always slender
tissue "cortex"
surface layer Not called epidermis
Have Midrib "Costa"
all homologous
Gametophores
Leafy Stems
Cuticle only on upper surface
Three rows
one cell think
grow from apical meristem
Concepts
Clarophytes
Green Algae
Embryophytes
"true plants"
Vascular Cryptogam
All Plants need water to grow
Spermatophytes
Vascular tissue
No seeds
Vascular Plants
Xylem
good at conducting water
permits water upwards
Phloem
permits roots to extend deep into soil
Heterotrophic tissues
Nonvascular Plants
neither vascular nor seed
cannot grow very tall
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Gametophyte Generation
Reproduction
Bisexual
Archegonia
Antheridia
Unisexual
Thallose
Gametangia
Male
Antheridphore
Stalk surrounded by rim of sterile cells
Archegoniphores
Stalked
radiates fingers outward and droop downward
Surrounded by chlorophyll's cells
Leafy
Gametangia
Special Leaves
Mixed with Regular Leaves
Morphology
Thallose
Air pores
No stomata
cant be closed
no guard cells
Just body
flat
thick
without roots, stems, or leaves
Leafy
Leaves and slender stems
resembles mosses
two rounded lobes
3 defined Rows
Sporophyte Generation
Morphology
like mosses
Structure
Calpytra Covered Sporangia
Dehiscence
4 slits
Push Spores
don't undergo meiosis
1 more item...
Dehiscence not by operculum
no peristome teeth
No stomata
Bright green and chlorophyllous
Lacks Columella
Foot
Interface
Seta
thin cells
clear
collapses
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
Gametophytes Generation
Morphology
Chloroplasts have pyreniod
Ribbon Shaped
Thin on Edge and thicker in center
Mainly Flat
Parenchymatous
Never contain oil bodyes
Gametangium Development
Mucilage Chamber
Antheridia
breaks open
Distinctive
Archegonia
Life Cycle
Appear in Autumn
grow in winter
spores in spring
dies before summer
drying is not tolerated
Sporophyte Generation
Structure
No Setae
No Discrete sporagium
Foot
Attached to Gametophyte
Sporangia
Horn like Shape
Tip- dehiscence
spores
Multicellular
no elators needed
yellow
Have columella
Green
Black
Grows from foot
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
History: Grouped together as three classes
"Bryophytes" only for mosses
Referred as: "Bryophytes"
"Nonvascular Plants"
"Bryophyta"
Class 2: Liverworts, Hepaticae
Class 3: Hornworts, Anthoceroatae
Class 1: Mosses, Musci
