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Nonvascular Plants (Characterizations (Embryophytes (No Vascular Tissue,…
Nonvascular Plants
Characterizations
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Embryophytes
No Vascular Tissue
Multicellular Sporangia or Gametangia
Body Composed of Parenchyma
Almost Exclusively Terrestrial
Cuticle Over Most of Body
Many Have Stomata
Gametophyte is More Prominent Generation
Sporophyte Is More Temporary
Don't Grow Large, Stay Small
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
Smalls Thalloid Plants
Grow on Moist Soil
Superficially Resemble Thalloid Liverworts
Have Single Large Chloroplasts
Pyrenoid of Chloroplast
The Gametophyte Generation
Gametophores are always Thin
Succulent but Brittle
Doesn't Tolerate Drying
Numerous Chambers
Distinctive Gametangium Development
The Sporophyte Generation
No Seta or Discrete Sporangium
Meristem Just Above Foot
Stomata in Some Species
Multicellular Collumar
Active Basal Meristem Over Long Periods of Time
Classifications
Unknown Relations
Liverworts = Division Hepatophyta
Mosses = Division Bryophyta
Hornworts = Division Anthocerotae
Were Once All Grouped Together
Concepts
Nonvascular Plants
No Vascular Tissues
No Seeds
Called Bryophytes
Vascular Cryptograms
Have Vascular Tissues
No Seeds
Spermatophytes
Have Vascular Tissues
Have Seeds
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyte Generation
Morphology
Gametophores
Leafy Stems
Grow Close Together
Form Dense Mounds
Can Be More Open and Loose
Grow From an Apical Meristem
Can Have Thin Lamellae
Cuticle Only On Upper Surface
Stems
Always Slender
Little Tissue Differentiation
Tissues Known as Cortex
Stems Can Have Hair
Inside Contains Larger Cells
Water Transport
Hydroids
Cells that Conduct Water
Also Conduct Dissolved Minerals
Elongated Cells
Lose Cytoplasm at Maturity
Aligned Above and Below with Others
Leptoids
Resemble Sieve Cells
Elongated
Prominent Interconnections
Lack Nuclei at Maturity
Mosses Lack Leptoids and Hydroids
Conduct Water by Capillary Action on Exterior
Rhizoids
Located at Base of Stem
Multicellular Trichome-Like Structures
Penetrate Surface of Substrate
Anchor the Stem
Lack Cholorplasts
Have Reddish Wall
Development
Protonema
Branched System of Similar Cells
Resembles Green Alga but More Chloroplasts
Grow Extensively
Perennial
Reproduction
Oogamous
Every Species has Egg Cells and Sperm Cells
Antheridia
Sperm Cells
Short Stalk
Occur in Microgametangia
Archegonia
Egg Cells
Occur in Megagametangia
The Sporophyte Generation
Foot
What Basal Cell Develops Into
Small, Bulbous Tissue
Capsule
Simple Apical Sporangium
Outer Layer of Sterile Cells
Inner Column of Sterile Cells
Seta
Narrow Stalk
Between Foot and Sporangium
Always Basic and Simply
Operculum
Caplike Lid
Peristome Teeth
Result of Cell Breakage
One or Two Rows of Teeth
Metabolism and Ecology
Can Become Desiccated Easily
Some Grow in Permanently Moist Microhabitats
Can be Tolerant of Desiccation
Desiccated Mosses are Resistant to Temperature and Light
Can Grow on Hard Surfaces or Smooth
Important in Later Establishments of Species
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Gametophyte Generation
Two Basic Groups
Leafy Liverworts
Phase Greatly Resembles the Moss
Thin Leaves on Slender Stem
Thallose Liverworts
Two Rounded Lobes
No Midrib
No Conducting Tissue
Three Clearly Defined Rows
Thallus
Body of Liverwort
Stratified
Much Thicker
Air Pores
Bisexual or Unisexual
Sporophyte Generation
Basic Morphology Similar to Mosses
Have Foot, Delicate Seta, and Sporangium
Sporangium Lacks a Columella
No Peristome Teeth
Cells Differentiate into Elaters