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Chapter 13 blood vessels (13.1 notes (Arteries carry blood away from the…
Chapter 13 blood vessels
13.1 notes
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The three thick walls are Tunica media, Tunica intamia, Tunica externa
Arteries have strong thick walled vessels, the walls have three distinct layers
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Tunica intermedia surrounds the lumen and is composed of a layer of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) a basment membrane and an internal elastic lamina
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Arterioles are very small arteries deliver blood to the capillaries in tissues, play a major role in regulating blood flow to the capillaires and therefore regulate blood pressure
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Vasodiolation increases vessel volume = increased blood flow = decreased blood pressure. this will be discussed in greater detail later
Capillaries are the smallest, thinnest blood vessels.
Capillary arrangement varies by tissue supplied, higher cellular needs brain muscle = more elaborate network lower cellular needs = branching less
Gasses, nutrients and wastes are exchanged between blood in capillaries and the tissues in three ways diffusion, ventricular transport, and bulk flow.
diffusion- most common substances include oxygen, CO2, glucose and hormones.
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Venules and veins carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen except the pulmonary veins
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Blood distribution throughout the body: 60%-70% in systematic veins and venules. 10%-12% in systematic arteries and arterioles; in pulmonary vessels. 8%-11% in heart. 4%-5% in systemic capillaries
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Kahoot 13.1
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The vessels that permit exchange of the materials between the cells and the blood are termed Capillaries
13.2 notes
Factors affecting blood flow Pressure, circulatory pressure, and peripheral resistance
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Needed to force blood through arterioles and into capillaries. Artenal pressure measured on arm, Capillary pressure, venous pressure
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For blood flow circulatory pressure has to be TPR. Resistance is oposition to blood flow primarily due to friction. This friction depends on three things
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Pulse is the strongest in the arteries, commonly measured in the radial, normal pulse= 70-80bmp
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Arterial blood pressure is because the blood pressure in the veins is essentially insignificant. It rises to its maximum during systole and falls to its lowest during diastole.
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Capillary pressures and capillary exchange- Permeably to ions, nutrients, organic wastes, dissolved gasses.
Capillary hydrostatic pressure vs blood osmotic; 100 mm aorta, 3 mm arterial side capillary
Capillary exchange- 1. communication between plasma and interstitial fluid, 2. speeding distribution throughout tissues, 3. Assisting the movement of insoluble and tissue proteins, 4. Flushing bacterial toxins and chemical stimuli to the lymphatic system
13.3 notes
Autoregulation- local changes, Neutral mechainsim - short term, Endocrine mechanisms- long term
Precapillary sphincters after peripheral resistance Based on local tissue concentrations vasodialators and vasoconstricters
When blood pressure increases vasomotor inhibited, Cardioionhibitory center stimulated: parasympathetic, Cardioaccerleratory center inhibited: sympathetic
When blood pressure decreases Vasomotor stimulated, Cardioinhabitory center inhabited: parasympathetic, Cardioacceleratory center stimulated:
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Hormones that increase blood pressure- Epinephrine/ Nonepinephrine increases force of contraction and causes vasoconstriction, Antederetic hormone anterior pituitury gland increases reabsportion of water by the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction of arterolies during diuresis and during hemorrphage, Angiotension Has four different targets that cause vasoconstriction of arteioles and causes secretion of adosterone, Alodsterone increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, EPO stimulates red blood cell production
Atrial naturiuretic peptide causes vasodialation of arteroiles and promotes the loss of salt and water in urine
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Short term- blood donation 500ml 10%, Vasomotor enough to restore pressure and flow
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Shock-1.hypotension,2.pale,cool,and moist skin,3.confusion and disorientation,4rapid and weak pulse,5.no urine,6drop in blood pH
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Pulmonary- The vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle to the lung and that return blood to the left atrium
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Arterial system- aorta is divided into the following regions- ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and abdominal
Braches of the aorta- Brachiocephalic, right common carotoid (right side of head. Right subclavian (right arm) radial (lateral forearm) ulnar (medial forearm) Palmar arches (palm) Left common carotid (left side of head) Left subclavian ( left arm) external carotid (scalp) Internal carotid (brain) Vertebral (cervical verebrae ,Skull) Basilar (brain) Axillary (armpit) Brachial (Upper arm)
Branches of abdominal aorta 1. inferior phrenics (inferior diaphragm) Cephalic trunk ( artery) Common hepatic (liver) left gastric ( left stomach) Superior mensentric (small intestine) Suprarenals (adrenals) renal artery ( Kidneys) Inferior masentaries (colon rectum) external illiac ( lower extremities) Femoral (thigh) Popliteal (knee region) Posterior tibial (lower leg) Plantar arteries( Heel, foot and toes) Anterior tibial ( foot and toes)
Kahoot 13.4-13.10
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which of the following supplies blood to the parts of the interstial tract Superior mesnteric artery
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