Lead Exposure Path Exam 5
Urban Air
Water (plumbing
House Dust (paint contamination)
Lead-Glazed Ceramics
Food (lead solder in cans)
Imported from Mexico (candy wrappers)
Target Shooting
Lead Soldiers
Stored:
- bone
- teeth
1/2 life = 30 years
PATHOGENESIS
Compete for Ca ions
- Bone issues
- Nerve transmission deficits
- Brain development deficits
Hemolysis of RBCs
- Inhibits membrane-assoc. enzymes
- Renal damage
- Uric acid retention
Impaired Vit D Metabolism
Inhibits 2 Enzymes in Heme Synthesis
- ❌Ferrochelatase
- ❌Gamma-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase
Microcytic, Hypochromic Sideroblastic Anemia
- Course, Basophilic Stippling = small aggregates of RNA
⬆ Aminolevulinic Acid (urine)
⬆ Protoproporphyrin (blood)
Interfers w/ normal epiphyseal plate remodeling
Inhibits healing of fractures
Tests:
- CBC not diagnostic
- Long-bone radiograph ➡ lead-containing foreign body
SOURCES OF LEAD POISONING