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New Religious Movements (Explaining the growth of religious movements…

- - - - Break away from churches
      - Other-worldly benefits
    - - New religions
      - This-worldly benefits
      - Types
        
        Client cult
        
        Cultic movements
        
        Audience cult
  - - - Non-exclusive and tolerant of other religions
      - Accept the world as it is and promises followers success in terms of mainstream goals.
    - - Neither reject nor accept the world but focus on religious matters.
      - Breakaways from existing mainstream churches or denominations.
    - - Members live communally, with restricted contact with the outside world and all aspects of their lives are controlled.
      - To achieve salvation, members take a sharp break with their formal life.
      - Critical of the outside world and expect or seek radical change.
      - Religious organisation with a clear notion of God.
- - - - feel that they are not receiving their just economic rewards or social status
      - offer a solution by offering theodicy of disprivilege
    - - Draw members from the poor and oppressed
  - - - materially well off middle-class people may turn to sects for a sense of community
  - - - rapid change disrupt and undermine established norms and values, producing anomie and normlessness.
    - - growth of sects and cults are response to social changes involving modernisation and secularisation. People prefer cults because they are less demanding and require fewer sacrifice.
  - - - :silhouette: Bruce
        
        failure of counter-culture to change the world that led to disillusioned youth turning to religion instead.
      - :silhouette: Wallis
        
        offers educated young people a more idealistic way of life.
    - - :silhouette: Bruce
        
        growth is response to modernity, rationalisation of work
      - :silhouette: Wallis
        
        ‘movements of the middle ground’ provide a way for disillusioned former members of world-rejecting NRMs back to a conventional life
      - Work no longer provide a meaning or source of identity
      - World-affirming NRMs provides both a sense of identity and techniques that promise success in this world.
  - - - The sectarian cycle
        
        Stage 3: denomination
        
        Stage 4: establishment
        
        Stage 2: initial fervour
        
        Stage 5: further schism
        
        Stage 1: schism
    - - The second generation lacked commitment and fervour
      - The ‘Protestant ethic’ effect
        
        Asceticism helps members prosper who then become tempted to compromise with the world
      - :silhouette: Niebuhr
        
        W-R NRMs exist because of ‘schism’
      - Death of the leader causes it to collapse or taken over by a bureaucratic leadership and transforming into a denomination.