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NRM's and The New Age (The growth of the New Age (:silhouette: Heelas…

- - - - Sects tend to draw membership from poor and oppressed
        
        Offer religious explanations for suffering and disadvantage
    - - Despite being materially well off they could feel spiritually deprived
    - - Period of rapid change disrupt norms and values
  - - - :silhouette: Wallis
        
        Social changes in 1960's gave children freedom from adult responsibilities and explore different futures
        
        Gave children an idealistic view of the future
    - - :silhouette: Bruce
        
        Growth is linked to modernity
        
        Past work provided meaning and sense of identity
        
        Provide both a sense of identity and techniques that promise success in this world
  - - - Die out or compromise with the world
    - - Who are born into the sect lack the commitment of their parents
    - - Sects that practice asceticism (hard work and saving)
      - Will become prosperous
    - - Collapse on the leaders death, or conversion into a denomination
  - - - 1) Schism - tension between diff members of church, the deprived break-away and form a world-rejecting sect
        
        2) Inter fervour - charismatic leadership between sects beliefs and those of wider society
        
        3) Denominationalism - sect becomes richer due to emphasis on saving and hard work
        
        4) Establishment - the sect becomes more world accepting and tension reduces
        
        5) Further schism - more zealous or less privileged members break away
  - - - Conversionist
        
        Whose aim is to convert large numbers of people likely to grow rapidly into more formal denominations
      - Adventist
        
        Awaiting the Second Coming of Christ
        
        Separation prevents them from compromising and becoming a denomination
    - - Many secceeded in socialising their children into high level commitment
- - - - Self-spirituality
        
        Turning away from traditional 'external' religions and instead look inside themselves to find it
      - Detraditionalisation
        
        Rejects the spiritual authority of external traditional sources, instead it values personal experience
  - - - Loss in faith in meta-narratives (stories that are over-arching, all-encompassing)
      - Science promised to bring progress to a better world but instead it has given war, genocide and environmental destruction
      - Results
        
        Loss in faith in experts
        
        Disillusioned with the churches'' failure to meet spiritual needs
        
        Find the truth for ourselves
  - - - Modern society values individualism which is also a key principle of New Age beliefs
      - Softer versions of much more demanding and self-disciplined traditional Eastern religions such as Buddhism
      - 'Pick and mix spiritual shopping', rejecting consumerist ethos of capitalist society
  - - - A source of identity
        
        Individual has many different roles, overlap between them, resulting in fragmented identity, offer source of 'authentic' identity
      - Consumer culture
        
        Creates dissatisfaction, New Age offers an alternative way to achieve perfection
      - Decline of organised religion
        
        Modernity leads to secularisation, removing traditional alternatives to New Age beliefs
      - Rapid social change
        
        Disrupts established norms and values resulting in anomie
        
        New Age provides a sense of certainty and truth in the same way as sects