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Coding, Capacity and
Duration research (Key vocab (Coding= how…
Coding, Capacity and
Duration research
Coding research
Baddeley 1966a, 1966b
Method
Group 1- acoustically similar
Group 2- acoustically dissimilar
Group 3- Semantically similar
Group 4- Semantically dissimilar
Results
- Poor immediate recall (STM) of acoustically similar words
- Poor delayed recall (LTM) of semantically similar words
Conclusion
- Information is coded acoustically in STM but semantically in LTM
Evaluation
- Artificial stimuli: No meaningful material (word lists). Cautious about generalizing findings to different memory tasks. (limited application)
Capacity research
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Evaluation
1) Lacking validity: Confounding variables weren't controlled (conducted a long time ago)
2) Overestimation: Miller overestimated the capacity of STM. E.g Cowan (2001) reviewed other research and concluded that the capacity of STM was only about four chunks. Suggests lower end of Miller's research (5 items) is more appropriate
Duration research
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Evaluation
1) Meaningless stimuli in STM study: Stimulus was artificial. Memorizing consonant syllables doesn't reflect real life memory activities. Study lacked external validity. Not totally irrelevant ( we do remember phone numbers)
2) Higher external validity: Strength- real life meaningful memories were studied. Downside is confounding variables (participants may have looked at year book before)
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