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Government and Ideas about Government (Marcus Tullius Cicero (Philosopher,…
Government and Ideas about Government
The idea of Civic duty
citizen's responsibility to help
valued by other people
used to state other point of view
contribution for the world
Ex) Cincinnataus, a dictator
influence to the today's world
we vote
impeach bad leaders
petitions
give counter arguments to the government
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Orator
An enemy of Mark Anthony in power struggle
Cicero created the language of civilized world and used that to create a style which 19 centuries have not replaced and hardly altered
Lawyer
De Re Publica (On the commonwealth)
De Legibus (On the laws)
Medieval philosophers were influenced by the Cicero's writing on natural law and innate rights.
Cicero articulated an early, abstract conceptualization of rights based on ancient law and custom
Roman Statesman
Champion for the return to the traditional republican government
Cicero's impact on 18th - century Enlightenment thinkers and political theorists, for example, John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu and Edmund Burke
Philosopher
De Natura (The nature of the Gods)
Influence on the rebirth of religious toleration in the 17th century
De Gloria (On Glory)
Principles of bedrock of liberty in the modern world
De Officiis (On Duty)
The idea of Civic duty
Contribution to a tradition of "public right"
A master of Latin prose
Credit for initiation of the 14th-century Reinessance in public affairs, humanism, and classical Roman Culture
Roman Law and Justice
'Twelve Tables'
'
The first written code of laws
Served as the foundation for all future Roman laws
Helped Plebeian have the right to be treated equally
Influence from Greece
Official Roman legislation
Legal concepts of Greek origin
Greece Law
The law of Athens
many, if not most, of the poleis (one exception: Sparta) written statutes
The absence of a body of Jurisprudence comparable to that of the Romans
The existence of multiplicity of city states (poleis)
Influence on current days
South Africa and San Mario's legal system
Based on the Roman legal system
Law students in civil jurisdiction
Roman law is used as a mandatory subject
Justinian Code
was offered by Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.
It revived Roman law
became the foundation of law in all civil law jurisdictions
It was imitated as private law
Aristotle's types of Government,
Roman Government
Aristotle's types of Government,
Government based on the rule by the one
Monarchy
which a state is ruled by a single ruler
courtier
anarhcy
the ruler is a complete dictator
Tyranny
Miserable death
Government based on the rule by many
Constitutional
To guarantee the human rights of the people and to define or form the relationship between the citizen and the state
Democracy
A form of government in which the people exercise their rights while exercising their power.
Government based on the rule by a few
Aristocracy
Noble holding politics
Rise in rank
Rank up to money
Without money, No Rank up
Oligarchy
Dictatorial politics in which a few people organize and organize the nation 's top institutions.
Elite
Economically superior are established by monopolizing power
the family inherit power
different to Aristocracy
Families are not open to public
Roman Government
Empire
headed by emperors
basically started from Augustus
The most extensive and political structures
Republic
citizens elect their leaders
leaders role on behalf of the citizens
Monarchy
ruled by one person
have kings and queens
passing down the positions
Influences of today
classification of the government
ruled by one
Vatican, Bharain, Bhutan
ruled by many
Korea, New Zealand, U.S
ruled by a few
China/ Eritria
Monarchy
Japan, Thailand, Britian
Republic
Cameroon, Canada, Cambodia
Empire
Turkey, Austria, Malta
Democracy, Republic
Republic
early times
dictators: emergency
Ex) Cincinnatus
farmer
stepped down and go back on farming later on
step down after the country obtained stability
patricians voted for leaders
was the only ones that were able to participate
patricians (high class) ruled
had all the powers
Greek
democracy
direct democracy
all citizens participate
citizens: male who was born in Greece with a land (high hierarchy)
assembly
made laws and discussed about the government
will be represented more in the low section
Influence on common days
Greek direct influence to current days
citizens participate
select group of individuals
representative democracy
vote for leaders that can do work for us
Greek to Rome, Rome to current days
passed laws which protected citizens
the mixture of two coincides together
ie) Britain
B.C. 106 - 43 B.C. December 7
System of Law
Started in Rome
Developed from Greece to Rome, to current days
