The Skeletal System
Functions
Framework for the human body
Produces blood cells
Provides protection for organs
Helps us to breath
Acts as a warehouse for mineral storage
Allows for movement
Bones
Are Primary components of skeleton
Composed of non-loving mineral ( calcium and phosphorus
Alive
Greek meaning- "dried up body"
Long Bones: longer than they are wide
Arms and Legs
Short bones: fairly equal in width and length
Wrists and ankles
Flat bones: thinner and can either be flat or curved
skull, ribs, and sternum
Irregular bones: like a jigsaw puzzle, odd in shape
hip bone ans vertebrae
Periosteum
Tough and fibrous connective tissue covering bone
contains blood vessel which transport blood and nutrients to nurture bone cells
contains lymph vessels and nerves
Acts as anchor point for ligaments and tendons
Epiphysis: formed by increase in size of both ends of long bone
Diaphysis: region running between two epiphysis
Bone marrow
Yellow marrow: has high fat context; can convert to red marrow in an emergency
Red marrow: produces red blood cells
compact bone
Dense, hard tissue that composes shafts of long bones and forms outer layer of other bone types
under a microscope you can see tightly packed material
material forms microscopic, cylindrical shaped units called osteons
Spongy bone
arrangement of bars and plates called trabecula
irregular holes between trabecula make bone lighter in weight
holes give bone spongy appearance
Ossification: describes formation of bone in body
osteoprogenitor cell: non-specialized stem cells found in peritoneum
osteoblasts: cells that actually form bones
osteoclasts: believed to originate from type of white blood cell
osteocytes: considered mature bone cells that started as osteoblasts
Bone development begins when we are embryos through instramembranous and endochondral ossification
process starts at 8 weeks after conception when bone begins to replace cartilage
intramembranous ossification occurs when bone develops between two sheets composed of fibrous connective tissue
such as the development of your skull
cells from connective tissue turn into osteoblasts
movement
flexion: bending a joint
extension: straightening
plantar flexion: pointing toes downward
dorsiflexion: bending foot upward
abduction: moving away from midline
adduction: moving toward midline
inversion: turning foot inward
eversion: turning outward
circumduction: circular arm movement
gout: metabolic disorder where uric acid crystals deposit in connective tissue and synovial fluid
Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disease affecting joints