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RESPONSE TO PATHOGENS How does a plant or animal respond to infection?…
RESPONSE TO PATHOGENS
How does a plant or animal respond to infection?
Animal
fatigue
tiredness,listlessness,restlessness
headache
coughing and sneezing
runny nose,sore throat
fever
high temperatures and chills
scab
nausea
vomitting, diarrhoea
fainting , dizziness
Inflammation
swelling,redness,heat,itch,pain pus (e.g infected cut)
PAIN
rashes (due to histamines)
Ulcers
Plant
waxy cuticle thickens and cell walls get stronger
guard cells seal up pores in the leaves
specialised receptors signal presence of dangerous microbes
cells around microbial infection can self-destruct to quarantine the infection
every cell has the ability to detect and defend against invaders
produce anitmicrobial substances
capsaicin,nicotine,menthol,cumin
release compounds that signal nearby plants to release their own insect repellent
alert using hormones,airbone compunds or electrical signals
compounds tailor made for specific threats are produced
tricones (sharp hair life structures) release stinging chemicals/histamins and other chemicals
CASE STUDY
The Australian native plant: Coast banksia (
Banksia integrifolia
) responds to presence of parasitic gall wasp eggs by cells in the area dividing rapidly to produce galls (swellings) to isolate the devoloping insect larvae/ eggs.