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Wk2 - Research Assessment + Diagnosis + Treatments (Research Process…
Wk2 - Research Assessment + Diagnosis + Treatments
Research Definition
Investigating relationship between variables
Direction
Reliability
Magnitude
Research Process
Design includes: sample, recruitment methods, select measures, test procedures, data analysis methods)
Data collection
Develop Research design to test hypo
Data analysis + evaluate hypo
Identify key variable + hypo
Interpret results
Establish aim
Popular Research Domains in Developmental Disorders
Descriptive Research
(nature of disorder, effects, employment info)
Identifying risks, protective factors + causes
Risk Factor (increase disorder occurence)
Protective Factor (prevent disorder)
Epidemiology of Disorders
(how often it occurs + why)
Incidence Rate (period of time)
Prevalence Rate (one point of time) + influences on it
Method of ascertainment (diagnosed cases / community screening)
Source of data (retrospective reports, prospective study)
Evaluating Interventions (solutions)
Child / therapist factors
Acceptability to child + parent
Short-term / long-term effects
Cost effectiveness
Major Measurement Methods
Direct Observation
Performance Measures
Questionnaire
Neuroimaging
Interview
Types of Designs for Investigating Disorders**
+ Purpose
Cross-sectional
(heritability)
Longitudinal
(duration of disorder + casual factors)
Matched-groups Cross-sectional
(characteristics of disorder)
More Complex Designs
(evaluate interventions)
Single-case Experimental
Diagnosis of Developmental Disorder + DSM-5
Classification in Diagnosis
Categorial Classification
(detailed, every diagnosis have clear underlying cause + distinct from other disorders)
Dimensional Classification
(located in multi-dimensional space of commonly accepted set of dimensions
Protypical Approach
(allow variability with essential characteristics / dimensions 3 out of 6 = ADHD)
PROS & CONS
Advantages
Explicit System
Wide acceptance across professions
Common system for research, training, practice
Help summarise + order observations
Help family recognise + understand problem
Limitations
High rate of comrbidity
Don't address developmental features for all disorders
All or none Diagnosis
Too much diversity in single disorder
Other Disadvantages
Negative influence on child's view on themselves + behaviour
Disclosure with care
Negative effects of stigma
Diagnosis (Assessment)
Methods
Observations
Questionnaires
Interviews
Test
Outcomes
Idiographic Case Formulation
(understanding as unique entity)
Nomothetic Formulation
(understanding as common to group of individuals)
Goals
Any environmental influences?
Causes + outcomes of disorder / problem
Evaluate emotional, behavioural, cognitive functioning
Intervention for Developmental Disorders
Types of Interventions
Treatment / Therapy
(reduce dysfunction)
Maintenance
(ensure adherence, limit problems)
Prevention
(limit risk factors)
Types of Treatment
Cognitive-behavioural Therapy
Family-based Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Medical Intervention
Behavioural Therapy
Approaches to Treatment
Combined Forms
of Treatment (two or more)
Eclectic Approach
(dependent on)
Disorder
Pattern of dysfunction shown
Factors contributing dysfunction