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Wk1 - Developmental Disorders Introduction (Theories and Causes) (Key…
Wk1 - Developmental Disorders Introduction (Theories and Causes)
Definition
DSM-5
Onset during (early) developmental period
Developmental deficits > functioning impairments
Social
Academic
Occupational
Personal
Kerig et al. (2012)
Quantitative Differences
Asynchrony (absence / lack of concurrence in time)
Regression
Developmental Delay
Qualitative Differences
- developmental deviation
Significant deviations from development
Patterns of various symptoms
Disbaility
Increased Risk of further suffering / harm
Distress
Traditional Models of Child Psychopathology
Family-based
(work tgt)
Biological
(genetic abnormalities, transmitters, hormones, brain impairments)
Attachment & Parenting
(secure, anxious, avoidant)
Cognitive
(identify impaired cognitive processes)
Behavioural
(conditioning, modelling - observational learning)
Eclectic Approaches
Multiple levels of analysis for a developmental disorder
e.g. Anti-Social Behaviour
Cognitive (social deficits, distortions)
Parenting (harsh discipline, no supervision)
Biological (genetics, toxin, brain structure)
Family (martial conflict, violence, isolation, unstable)
Peers (deviant peers, rejection, aggression)
Sociocultural (poverty neighbourhood, school, violence acceptance)
Key Ideas in Developmental Psychopathology**
Equifinality
(different outcome = similar beginnings)
Multifinality
(similar outcomes = different beginnings / exp)
Developmental Pathways
Risk Factors
(increase disorder likelihood)
Psychological (cognitive / brain)
Family
Biological
Socio-cultural
Protective Factors
(prevent disorder likelihood)
Psychological
Family
Biological
Socio-cultural
Resilience
(individual hardiness)
Psychological Influences determining developmental problems
Cognitive Processes
Explicit / Implicit processes > affecting behaviour
Cognitive Systems development
Social Cognition
Cognitive Impairments > atypical behaviour
Social Interaction
Anxious-
Avoidant
Attachment
Anxious-
Resistant
Attachment
Secure
Attachment
Emotions
Perception + expression of emotion
Emotion reactivity + regulation (consequences = developmental problems in relationships etc)
Temperament
Fearfulness or inhibition
Negative affect + irritatbility
Positive affect + approach